GIS-Based Identification and Analysis of Optimal Evacuation Areas and Routes in Flood-Prone Zones of Swabi District, Pakistan
This study explores the main elements causing flooding in Pakistan’s Swabi area and finds that elevation, slope, precipitation, and vicinity of rivers all play a major role in flooding occurrences. Low-lying areas, steeper slopes, intense monsoon rainfall, and proximity to rivers increase vulnerabil...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Engineering |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9550808 |
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| author | Sareer Ahmad Muhammad Waseem Sadaquat Hussain Mudassar Munir Shah Fouzia Perveen Malik Salman Masood Megersa Kebede Leta |
| author_facet | Sareer Ahmad Muhammad Waseem Sadaquat Hussain Mudassar Munir Shah Fouzia Perveen Malik Salman Masood Megersa Kebede Leta |
| author_sort | Sareer Ahmad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study explores the main elements causing flooding in Pakistan’s Swabi area and finds that elevation, slope, precipitation, and vicinity of rivers all play a major role in flooding occurrences. Low-lying areas, steeper slopes, intense monsoon rainfall, and proximity to rivers increase vulnerability to floods. Additional factors such as curvature, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), topographic wetness index (TWI), land use and land cover (LULC), and soil type exhibit comparatively less impact on flooding. The evaluation of flood risk incorporates nine factors through the AHP procedure, assigning weights that emphasize the importance of rainfall, slope, elevation, and distance to rivers using GIS software. The resulting flood hazard map categorizes the region into high-, moderate-, low-, and very low-risk zones, with approximately 49.42% identified as high flood risk areas. Evacuation planning designates secure zones, moderate-risk areas, and high-risk zones, emphasizing the need for flexible and adaptable routes in response to evolving flood scenarios. The study’s comprehensive approach, integrating GIS and AHP, provides valuable insights for effective flood management in the Swabi district, despite limitations related to data quality. The findings contribute to resolving flooding issues and offer a foundation for coordinated actions by authorities and communities in flood-prone areas. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2a68658ad83641c9ab94ecf6fd325f9e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-4912 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-2a68658ad83641c9ab94ecf6fd325f9e2025-02-03T01:45:20ZengWileyJournal of Engineering2314-49122024-01-01202410.1155/2024/9550808GIS-Based Identification and Analysis of Optimal Evacuation Areas and Routes in Flood-Prone Zones of Swabi District, PakistanSareer Ahmad0Muhammad Waseem1Sadaquat Hussain2Mudassar Munir Shah3Fouzia Perveen Malik4Salman Masood5Megersa Kebede Leta6Department of Civil EngineeringDepartment of Civil EngineeringAror University of Art, Architecture, Design and HeritageCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of InfrastructureSchool of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES)School of Civil EngineeringFaculty of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThis study explores the main elements causing flooding in Pakistan’s Swabi area and finds that elevation, slope, precipitation, and vicinity of rivers all play a major role in flooding occurrences. Low-lying areas, steeper slopes, intense monsoon rainfall, and proximity to rivers increase vulnerability to floods. Additional factors such as curvature, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), topographic wetness index (TWI), land use and land cover (LULC), and soil type exhibit comparatively less impact on flooding. The evaluation of flood risk incorporates nine factors through the AHP procedure, assigning weights that emphasize the importance of rainfall, slope, elevation, and distance to rivers using GIS software. The resulting flood hazard map categorizes the region into high-, moderate-, low-, and very low-risk zones, with approximately 49.42% identified as high flood risk areas. Evacuation planning designates secure zones, moderate-risk areas, and high-risk zones, emphasizing the need for flexible and adaptable routes in response to evolving flood scenarios. The study’s comprehensive approach, integrating GIS and AHP, provides valuable insights for effective flood management in the Swabi district, despite limitations related to data quality. The findings contribute to resolving flooding issues and offer a foundation for coordinated actions by authorities and communities in flood-prone areas.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9550808 |
| spellingShingle | Sareer Ahmad Muhammad Waseem Sadaquat Hussain Mudassar Munir Shah Fouzia Perveen Malik Salman Masood Megersa Kebede Leta GIS-Based Identification and Analysis of Optimal Evacuation Areas and Routes in Flood-Prone Zones of Swabi District, Pakistan Journal of Engineering |
| title | GIS-Based Identification and Analysis of Optimal Evacuation Areas and Routes in Flood-Prone Zones of Swabi District, Pakistan |
| title_full | GIS-Based Identification and Analysis of Optimal Evacuation Areas and Routes in Flood-Prone Zones of Swabi District, Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | GIS-Based Identification and Analysis of Optimal Evacuation Areas and Routes in Flood-Prone Zones of Swabi District, Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | GIS-Based Identification and Analysis of Optimal Evacuation Areas and Routes in Flood-Prone Zones of Swabi District, Pakistan |
| title_short | GIS-Based Identification and Analysis of Optimal Evacuation Areas and Routes in Flood-Prone Zones of Swabi District, Pakistan |
| title_sort | gis based identification and analysis of optimal evacuation areas and routes in flood prone zones of swabi district pakistan |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9550808 |
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