Dysgeusia in MASLD-related advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD): a silent driver towards the “Bermuda” triangle of malnutrition-sarcopenia-frailty severely affecting prognosis
Abstract Background Dysgeusia is a distortion of the sense of taste whose prevalence and relationship with nutritional status in Metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)-related advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) have never been systematically explored. Methods 200 MASLD p...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01074-z |
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| author | Marcello Dallio Mario Romeo Fiammetta Di Nardo Carmine Napolitano Paolo Vaia Giorgia Iadanza Simone Olivieri Annachiara Coppola Marco Niosi Alessandro Federico |
| author_facet | Marcello Dallio Mario Romeo Fiammetta Di Nardo Carmine Napolitano Paolo Vaia Giorgia Iadanza Simone Olivieri Annachiara Coppola Marco Niosi Alessandro Federico |
| author_sort | Marcello Dallio |
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| description | Abstract Background Dysgeusia is a distortion of the sense of taste whose prevalence and relationship with nutritional status in Metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)-related advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) have never been systematically explored. Methods 200 MASLD patients [60 ≤ F3 fibrosis, 70 compensated ACLD (cACLD), and 70 decompensated (dACLD)] were enrolled. At baseline, the Child–Pugh (CP) score was determined. Dietary habits, body composition, and frailty were evaluated. The European Working Group (EWGSOP2) criteria defined sarcopenia. Dysgeusia was assessed by the Dysgeusia-Total-Score (DTS). A visual analog scale identified appetite impairment (VASAI). During a 6-month follow-up, liver-related decompensation events (LRDEs) were recorded. Results The prevalence of dysgeusia increased with the liver disease progression, appearing significantly higher in ACLD compared with ≤ F3 (65.7% vs 5%, p:0.003), as well as in dACLD compared to cACLD patients (58.5 vs 7.1% p < 0.0001). On 41 dACLD patients presenting dysgeusia, 37 (90.2%) showed a significant impairment of appetite levels. In dACLD, the CP score was positively correlated with both DTS (R:0.742) and VASAI (R:0.704), as well as DTS was directly correlated with VASAI (R:0.765) (all p < 0.0001). Compared with dACLD patients without dysgeusia, dysgeusia-affected dACLD patients presented a lower daily protein intake (g/kg/die) (1.55 ± 0.192 vs 1.34 ± 0.15, p < 0.0001). Sarcopenia (70.7 vs 41.3%) and frailty (69.29 vs 37.9%) were significantly more prevalent in dysgeusia-affected dACLD individuals (both p < 0.0001). These patients showed a higher risk of LRDEs occurrence during the follow-up [HR:2.205; C.I. 95%:1.186–4.099; p:0.01]. Logistic regression analysis revealed dysgeusia (aOR: 3.32), appetite impairment (aOR:1.32), sarcopenia (aOR: 3.75), and frailty (aOR:3.03) significantly associated with this outcome (all p < 0.0001). Conclusions Dysgeusia appears predominant in MASLD-dACLD and, via appetite impairment, in a close relationship with malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty, negatively influencing patients' outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2a5764fcd3e34c7db485f33504316e45 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-2a5764fcd3e34c7db485f33504316e452025-01-19T12:11:16ZengBMCNutrition Journal1475-28912025-01-0124111810.1186/s12937-025-01074-zDysgeusia in MASLD-related advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD): a silent driver towards the “Bermuda” triangle of malnutrition-sarcopenia-frailty severely affecting prognosisMarcello Dallio0Mario Romeo1Fiammetta Di Nardo2Carmine Napolitano3Paolo Vaia4Giorgia Iadanza5Simone Olivieri6Annachiara Coppola7Marco Niosi8Alessandro Federico9Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi VanvitelliHepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi VanvitelliHepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi VanvitelliHepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi VanvitelliHepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi VanvitelliHepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi VanvitelliHepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi VanvitelliHepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi VanvitelliHepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi VanvitelliHepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi VanvitelliAbstract Background Dysgeusia is a distortion of the sense of taste whose prevalence and relationship with nutritional status in Metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)-related advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) have never been systematically explored. Methods 200 MASLD patients [60 ≤ F3 fibrosis, 70 compensated ACLD (cACLD), and 70 decompensated (dACLD)] were enrolled. At baseline, the Child–Pugh (CP) score was determined. Dietary habits, body composition, and frailty were evaluated. The European Working Group (EWGSOP2) criteria defined sarcopenia. Dysgeusia was assessed by the Dysgeusia-Total-Score (DTS). A visual analog scale identified appetite impairment (VASAI). During a 6-month follow-up, liver-related decompensation events (LRDEs) were recorded. Results The prevalence of dysgeusia increased with the liver disease progression, appearing significantly higher in ACLD compared with ≤ F3 (65.7% vs 5%, p:0.003), as well as in dACLD compared to cACLD patients (58.5 vs 7.1% p < 0.0001). On 41 dACLD patients presenting dysgeusia, 37 (90.2%) showed a significant impairment of appetite levels. In dACLD, the CP score was positively correlated with both DTS (R:0.742) and VASAI (R:0.704), as well as DTS was directly correlated with VASAI (R:0.765) (all p < 0.0001). Compared with dACLD patients without dysgeusia, dysgeusia-affected dACLD patients presented a lower daily protein intake (g/kg/die) (1.55 ± 0.192 vs 1.34 ± 0.15, p < 0.0001). Sarcopenia (70.7 vs 41.3%) and frailty (69.29 vs 37.9%) were significantly more prevalent in dysgeusia-affected dACLD individuals (both p < 0.0001). These patients showed a higher risk of LRDEs occurrence during the follow-up [HR:2.205; C.I. 95%:1.186–4.099; p:0.01]. Logistic regression analysis revealed dysgeusia (aOR: 3.32), appetite impairment (aOR:1.32), sarcopenia (aOR: 3.75), and frailty (aOR:3.03) significantly associated with this outcome (all p < 0.0001). Conclusions Dysgeusia appears predominant in MASLD-dACLD and, via appetite impairment, in a close relationship with malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty, negatively influencing patients' outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01074-zNutritionLiver cirrhosisSarcopeniaFrailtyTranslational Medicine |
| spellingShingle | Marcello Dallio Mario Romeo Fiammetta Di Nardo Carmine Napolitano Paolo Vaia Giorgia Iadanza Simone Olivieri Annachiara Coppola Marco Niosi Alessandro Federico Dysgeusia in MASLD-related advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD): a silent driver towards the “Bermuda” triangle of malnutrition-sarcopenia-frailty severely affecting prognosis Nutrition Journal Nutrition Liver cirrhosis Sarcopenia Frailty Translational Medicine |
| title | Dysgeusia in MASLD-related advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD): a silent driver towards the “Bermuda” triangle of malnutrition-sarcopenia-frailty severely affecting prognosis |
| title_full | Dysgeusia in MASLD-related advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD): a silent driver towards the “Bermuda” triangle of malnutrition-sarcopenia-frailty severely affecting prognosis |
| title_fullStr | Dysgeusia in MASLD-related advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD): a silent driver towards the “Bermuda” triangle of malnutrition-sarcopenia-frailty severely affecting prognosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dysgeusia in MASLD-related advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD): a silent driver towards the “Bermuda” triangle of malnutrition-sarcopenia-frailty severely affecting prognosis |
| title_short | Dysgeusia in MASLD-related advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD): a silent driver towards the “Bermuda” triangle of malnutrition-sarcopenia-frailty severely affecting prognosis |
| title_sort | dysgeusia in masld related advanced chronic liver disease acld a silent driver towards the bermuda triangle of malnutrition sarcopenia frailty severely affecting prognosis |
| topic | Nutrition Liver cirrhosis Sarcopenia Frailty Translational Medicine |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01074-z |
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