Fabrication of CuSn functionally gradient electrode and its application in EDM for processing micro-groove

In electrical discharge machining (EDM), different area of the tool electrode had different wear rate when it prepared by the different materials. Based on this characteristic, this paper used Sn-coated Cu foils to fabricated the CuSn functional gradient electrode (CuSn-FG electrode). Through electr...

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Main Authors: Bin Xu, Weitong Liu, Shutian Zhang, Likuan Zhu, Qingyong Zhou, Xiaoyu Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425016308
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author Bin Xu
Weitong Liu
Shutian Zhang
Likuan Zhu
Qingyong Zhou
Xiaoyu Wu
author_facet Bin Xu
Weitong Liu
Shutian Zhang
Likuan Zhu
Qingyong Zhou
Xiaoyu Wu
author_sort Bin Xu
collection DOAJ
description In electrical discharge machining (EDM), different area of the tool electrode had different wear rate when it prepared by the different materials. Based on this characteristic, this paper used Sn-coated Cu foils to fabricated the CuSn functional gradient electrode (CuSn-FG electrode). Through electroplating technology, we electroplated Sn foil on both sides of the Cu foil and the Sn-coated Cu foils were obtained. By placing the Sn-coated Cu foils in the vacuum furnace for heat treatment, the Sn element diffused into the interior of the Cu foil and the CuSn-FG electrodes were fabricated. Using tungsten cobalt cemented carbide (YG8) as workpiece, the CuSn-FG electrodes were applied in EDM to machine micro-groove. The Sn element cannot be uniformly distributed inside the CuSn-FG electrode, causing different resistivity in different regions of the CuSn-FG electrode. Consequently, the different regions in CuSn-FG electrode had different EDM wear, which can be used to machine micro-groove. In this study, the effect of heat treatment parameters on the fabrication of CuSn-FG electrode and its EDM performance were investigated. Based on the above research, a mathematical model between the cross-sectional profile of micro-groove and CuSn-FG electrode was established based on the BiDoseResp model. This mathematical mode was used to predict the cross-sectional profiles of the micro-grooves fabricated by EDM of CuSn-FG electrodes heat-treated at different temperatures. Analyzing the prediction results and the experimental results, we found that the relative error of the mathematical model was less than 5 %, indicating the accuracy of the mathematical model.
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spelling doaj-art-29fa1a6b3ca042f6a969c8565d0fd9a92025-08-20T02:40:15ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-07-01373255326810.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.208Fabrication of CuSn functionally gradient electrode and its application in EDM for processing micro-grooveBin Xu0Weitong Liu1Shutian Zhang2Likuan Zhu3Qingyong Zhou4Xiaoyu Wu5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nan-hai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of High Performance Nontraditional Manufacturing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nan-hai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of High Performance Nontraditional Manufacturing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nan-hai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of High Performance Nontraditional Manufacturing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nan-hai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of High Performance Nontraditional Manufacturing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China; Corresponding author. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nan-hai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.State Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Engineering, Xi'an, 710054, China; Xi'an Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Xi'an, 710054, China; Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Engineering, Xi'an, 710054, China.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nan-hai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, ChinaIn electrical discharge machining (EDM), different area of the tool electrode had different wear rate when it prepared by the different materials. Based on this characteristic, this paper used Sn-coated Cu foils to fabricated the CuSn functional gradient electrode (CuSn-FG electrode). Through electroplating technology, we electroplated Sn foil on both sides of the Cu foil and the Sn-coated Cu foils were obtained. By placing the Sn-coated Cu foils in the vacuum furnace for heat treatment, the Sn element diffused into the interior of the Cu foil and the CuSn-FG electrodes were fabricated. Using tungsten cobalt cemented carbide (YG8) as workpiece, the CuSn-FG electrodes were applied in EDM to machine micro-groove. The Sn element cannot be uniformly distributed inside the CuSn-FG electrode, causing different resistivity in different regions of the CuSn-FG electrode. Consequently, the different regions in CuSn-FG electrode had different EDM wear, which can be used to machine micro-groove. In this study, the effect of heat treatment parameters on the fabrication of CuSn-FG electrode and its EDM performance were investigated. Based on the above research, a mathematical model between the cross-sectional profile of micro-groove and CuSn-FG electrode was established based on the BiDoseResp model. This mathematical mode was used to predict the cross-sectional profiles of the micro-grooves fabricated by EDM of CuSn-FG electrodes heat-treated at different temperatures. Analyzing the prediction results and the experimental results, we found that the relative error of the mathematical model was less than 5 %, indicating the accuracy of the mathematical model.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425016308CuSn functional gradient electrodeEDMMicro-grooveMathematical model
spellingShingle Bin Xu
Weitong Liu
Shutian Zhang
Likuan Zhu
Qingyong Zhou
Xiaoyu Wu
Fabrication of CuSn functionally gradient electrode and its application in EDM for processing micro-groove
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
CuSn functional gradient electrode
EDM
Micro-groove
Mathematical model
title Fabrication of CuSn functionally gradient electrode and its application in EDM for processing micro-groove
title_full Fabrication of CuSn functionally gradient electrode and its application in EDM for processing micro-groove
title_fullStr Fabrication of CuSn functionally gradient electrode and its application in EDM for processing micro-groove
title_full_unstemmed Fabrication of CuSn functionally gradient electrode and its application in EDM for processing micro-groove
title_short Fabrication of CuSn functionally gradient electrode and its application in EDM for processing micro-groove
title_sort fabrication of cusn functionally gradient electrode and its application in edm for processing micro groove
topic CuSn functional gradient electrode
EDM
Micro-groove
Mathematical model
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425016308
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AT weitongliu fabricationofcusnfunctionallygradientelectrodeanditsapplicationinedmforprocessingmicrogroove
AT shutianzhang fabricationofcusnfunctionallygradientelectrodeanditsapplicationinedmforprocessingmicrogroove
AT likuanzhu fabricationofcusnfunctionallygradientelectrodeanditsapplicationinedmforprocessingmicrogroove
AT qingyongzhou fabricationofcusnfunctionallygradientelectrodeanditsapplicationinedmforprocessingmicrogroove
AT xiaoyuwu fabricationofcusnfunctionallygradientelectrodeanditsapplicationinedmforprocessingmicrogroove