Association of caffeine intake and sleep duration with bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018
Abstract Objective The association between sleep duration, caffeine intake, and bone mineral density (BMD) is not well understood, with previous studies providing controversial results. This study explores the associations among caffeine intake, sleep duration, and BMD. Methods Data were sourced fro...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08300-z |
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| author | Yuxue He Wenjia Zou Fei Xiao |
| author_facet | Yuxue He Wenjia Zou Fei Xiao |
| author_sort | Yuxue He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective The association between sleep duration, caffeine intake, and bone mineral density (BMD) is not well understood, with previous studies providing controversial results. This study explores the associations among caffeine intake, sleep duration, and BMD. Methods Data were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018, including 13,457 participants who self-reported sleep duration and caffeine intake, with BMD measured via dual X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for confounders, were used alongside restricted cubic splines to examine dose-response association. Results Of all participants, 6821 (50.7%) were males and 6636 were females (49.3%). The mean caffeine intake and sleep duration were 93.4 mg/day and 7.19 h, respectively. RCS results showed that BMD increased with the increase in caffeine intake, especially in the low dose range of 0-200 mg/day. The dose-response association between sleep duration and BMD showed that sleep durations of 0–6 h may promote the increase of BMD, but after sleep durations greater than 6 h, BMD decreases. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to the lowest referent quartile, individuals with caffeine intake in quartiles 2, 3, and 4 had a positive correlation with BMD (0.62 95% CI: 0.24–1.37; 0.51 95% CI: 0.22–1.13; 0.75 95% CI: 0.41–1.46; P for trend < 0.05). In covariate-adjusted linear regression models, compared with those sleeping 6 h or less per night, the difference in BMD among those sleeping 6–7 h, 7–8 h, and 8–14.5 h per night were 1.81 (95% CI: 0.4122.71), 1.25 (95% CI: 0.55–2.93), and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.38–1.69). Associations of caffeine intake, sleep duration, and BMD stratified by sex and age failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusions Association might exist between the consumption of caffeine, sleep duration, and BMD; however, when stratified by sex and age, the association did not reach statistical significance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-29f181c51f3d4f7e89c301e830af3827 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2474 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |
| spelling | doaj-art-29f181c51f3d4f7e89c301e830af38272025-01-19T12:04:40ZengBMCBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders1471-24742025-01-012611910.1186/s12891-025-08300-zAssociation of caffeine intake and sleep duration with bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018Yuxue He0Wenjia Zou1Fei Xiao2Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Fourth HospitalDepartment of General Surgery, Wuhan Fourth HospitalDepartment of Orthopedics, Wuhan Fourth HospitalAbstract Objective The association between sleep duration, caffeine intake, and bone mineral density (BMD) is not well understood, with previous studies providing controversial results. This study explores the associations among caffeine intake, sleep duration, and BMD. Methods Data were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018, including 13,457 participants who self-reported sleep duration and caffeine intake, with BMD measured via dual X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for confounders, were used alongside restricted cubic splines to examine dose-response association. Results Of all participants, 6821 (50.7%) were males and 6636 were females (49.3%). The mean caffeine intake and sleep duration were 93.4 mg/day and 7.19 h, respectively. RCS results showed that BMD increased with the increase in caffeine intake, especially in the low dose range of 0-200 mg/day. The dose-response association between sleep duration and BMD showed that sleep durations of 0–6 h may promote the increase of BMD, but after sleep durations greater than 6 h, BMD decreases. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to the lowest referent quartile, individuals with caffeine intake in quartiles 2, 3, and 4 had a positive correlation with BMD (0.62 95% CI: 0.24–1.37; 0.51 95% CI: 0.22–1.13; 0.75 95% CI: 0.41–1.46; P for trend < 0.05). In covariate-adjusted linear regression models, compared with those sleeping 6 h or less per night, the difference in BMD among those sleeping 6–7 h, 7–8 h, and 8–14.5 h per night were 1.81 (95% CI: 0.4122.71), 1.25 (95% CI: 0.55–2.93), and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.38–1.69). Associations of caffeine intake, sleep duration, and BMD stratified by sex and age failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusions Association might exist between the consumption of caffeine, sleep duration, and BMD; however, when stratified by sex and age, the association did not reach statistical significance.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08300-zBone mineral densityCaffeine intakeSleep durationRestricted cubic spline |
| spellingShingle | Yuxue He Wenjia Zou Fei Xiao Association of caffeine intake and sleep duration with bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018 BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Bone mineral density Caffeine intake Sleep duration Restricted cubic spline |
| title | Association of caffeine intake and sleep duration with bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018 |
| title_full | Association of caffeine intake and sleep duration with bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018 |
| title_fullStr | Association of caffeine intake and sleep duration with bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of caffeine intake and sleep duration with bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018 |
| title_short | Association of caffeine intake and sleep duration with bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018 |
| title_sort | association of caffeine intake and sleep duration with bone mineral density a cross sectional study from national health and nutrition examination survey between 2011 and 2018 |
| topic | Bone mineral density Caffeine intake Sleep duration Restricted cubic spline |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08300-z |
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