Assessment of programmed cell death 1 and its programmed cell death ligand 1 levels in vitiligo
Background Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a cell surface protein that serves as an immune checkpoint in conjunction with its two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in immunoregulation. Objective To assess both PD-1 and PD-L1...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of the Egyptian Women’s Dermatologic Society |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jewd.jewd_44_24 |
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| author | Hanan R. Nada Ahmed Mourad Laila A. Rashed Ghada M. El-Hanafy Nermeen M.A. Abdallah Mohamed M. Abdelhady |
| author_facet | Hanan R. Nada Ahmed Mourad Laila A. Rashed Ghada M. El-Hanafy Nermeen M.A. Abdallah Mohamed M. Abdelhady |
| author_sort | Hanan R. Nada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a cell surface protein that serves as an immune checkpoint in conjunction with its two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in immunoregulation.
Objective
To assess both PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in vitiligo patients’ marginal and nonlesional biopsies compared with normal controls and to correlate them with disease parameters.
Patients and methods
A total of 30 vitiliginous patients and 30 age and sex-matched controls were included. Full history and clinical examination were done and ELISA measured tissue levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 from lesional and nonlesional biopsies.
Results
Levels of tissue PD-1 in marginal biopsies (mean 7.89±2.48 ng/mg) were significantly higher than in nonlesional biopsies (mean 3.65±1.11 ng/mg; P<0.001) and significantly higher than the control PD-l level (mean 1.47±0.499 ng/mg; P<0.001). Nonlesional PD-1 level was also significantly higher than the control PD-l level (P<0.001). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between marginal and nonlesional PD-1 levels; (rho=0.792, P<0.001). Levels of tissue PD-L1 in marginal biopsies (mean 115±7.86 pg/mg) were significantly lower than in nonlesional skin (mean 194±8.12 pg/mg; P<0.001), and significantly lower than in controls (mean 283±27.8 pg/mg; P<0.001). Nonlesional PD-L1 level was also significantly lower than the control PD-Ll level (P<0.001).
Conclusion
Our results suggest that the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint seems to be implicated in the loss of peripheral tolerance in human vitiligo, with PD-1 being highly expressed, yet insufficiently stimulated due to lack of local PD-L1 expression. Since PD1 plays an important role, its agonists may have therapeutic implications in vitiligo and other autoimmune diseases but need wider-scale studies before clinical implementation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-298015077d9a4757b66b151e74cd30c1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-2565 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the Egyptian Women’s Dermatologic Society |
| spelling | doaj-art-298015077d9a4757b66b151e74cd30c12025-01-20T04:39:10ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of the Egyptian Women’s Dermatologic Society2090-25652025-01-01221798710.4103/jewd.jewd_44_24Assessment of programmed cell death 1 and its programmed cell death ligand 1 levels in vitiligoHanan R. NadaAhmed MouradLaila A. RashedGhada M. El-HanafyNermeen M.A. AbdallahMohamed M. AbdelhadyBackground Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a cell surface protein that serves as an immune checkpoint in conjunction with its two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in immunoregulation. Objective To assess both PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in vitiligo patients’ marginal and nonlesional biopsies compared with normal controls and to correlate them with disease parameters. Patients and methods A total of 30 vitiliginous patients and 30 age and sex-matched controls were included. Full history and clinical examination were done and ELISA measured tissue levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 from lesional and nonlesional biopsies. Results Levels of tissue PD-1 in marginal biopsies (mean 7.89±2.48 ng/mg) were significantly higher than in nonlesional biopsies (mean 3.65±1.11 ng/mg; P<0.001) and significantly higher than the control PD-l level (mean 1.47±0.499 ng/mg; P<0.001). Nonlesional PD-1 level was also significantly higher than the control PD-l level (P<0.001). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between marginal and nonlesional PD-1 levels; (rho=0.792, P<0.001). Levels of tissue PD-L1 in marginal biopsies (mean 115±7.86 pg/mg) were significantly lower than in nonlesional skin (mean 194±8.12 pg/mg; P<0.001), and significantly lower than in controls (mean 283±27.8 pg/mg; P<0.001). Nonlesional PD-L1 level was also significantly lower than the control PD-Ll level (P<0.001). Conclusion Our results suggest that the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint seems to be implicated in the loss of peripheral tolerance in human vitiligo, with PD-1 being highly expressed, yet insufficiently stimulated due to lack of local PD-L1 expression. Since PD1 plays an important role, its agonists may have therapeutic implications in vitiligo and other autoimmune diseases but need wider-scale studies before clinical implementation.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jewd.jewd_44_24programmed cell death 1programmed cell death ligand 1tolerancevitiligo |
| spellingShingle | Hanan R. Nada Ahmed Mourad Laila A. Rashed Ghada M. El-Hanafy Nermeen M.A. Abdallah Mohamed M. Abdelhady Assessment of programmed cell death 1 and its programmed cell death ligand 1 levels in vitiligo Journal of the Egyptian Women’s Dermatologic Society programmed cell death 1 programmed cell death ligand 1 tolerance vitiligo |
| title | Assessment of programmed cell death 1 and its programmed cell death ligand 1 levels in vitiligo |
| title_full | Assessment of programmed cell death 1 and its programmed cell death ligand 1 levels in vitiligo |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of programmed cell death 1 and its programmed cell death ligand 1 levels in vitiligo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of programmed cell death 1 and its programmed cell death ligand 1 levels in vitiligo |
| title_short | Assessment of programmed cell death 1 and its programmed cell death ligand 1 levels in vitiligo |
| title_sort | assessment of programmed cell death 1 and its programmed cell death ligand 1 levels in vitiligo |
| topic | programmed cell death 1 programmed cell death ligand 1 tolerance vitiligo |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jewd.jewd_44_24 |
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