Virulence perspective genomic research unlocks the secrets of Rhizoctonia solani associated with banded sheath blight in Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa frumentacea)
IntroductionBanded sheath blight (Bsb) disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is an emerging problem in barnyard millet cultivation. One of the significant goals of pathogenomic research is to identify genes responsible for pathogenicity in the fungus.MethodsA virulence profiling-based approach was...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-10-01
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| author | T. S. S. K. Patro K. B. Palanna B. Jeevan Pallavi Tatineni T. Tharana Poonacha Farooq Khan G. V. Ramesh Anusha M. Nayak Boda Praveen M. Divya N. Anuradha Y. Sandhya Rani T. E. Nagaraja R. Madhusudhana C. Tara Satyavathi S. Koti Prasanna |
| author_facet | T. S. S. K. Patro K. B. Palanna B. Jeevan Pallavi Tatineni T. Tharana Poonacha Farooq Khan G. V. Ramesh Anusha M. Nayak Boda Praveen M. Divya N. Anuradha Y. Sandhya Rani T. E. Nagaraja R. Madhusudhana C. Tara Satyavathi S. Koti Prasanna |
| author_sort | T. S. S. K. Patro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionBanded sheath blight (Bsb) disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is an emerging problem in barnyard millet cultivation. One of the significant goals of pathogenomic research is to identify genes responsible for pathogenicity in the fungus.MethodsA virulence profiling-based approach was employed and six R. solani isolates were collected from various ecological zones of India. The morphological parameters and virulence of all of the six R. solani isolates were investigated. The most virulent strain was designated as RAP2 and its genome has been sequenced, assembled, and annotated.ResultsThe RAP2 genome is 43.63 megabases in size and comprises 10.95% repetitive DNA, within which 46% are retroelements, 8% are DNA transposons, and 46% are unidentified DNA. The Gene Ontology (GO) annotation of RAP2 proteins revealed that “phosphorylation”, “membrane”, and “ATP binding” have the highest gene enrichment in the “biological process”, “cellular component” and “molecular function” domains, respectively. The genome comprises a majority of secretory proteins in the pectin lyase fold/virulence factor superfamily, which break down plant cell wall polymers to extract saccharides. The RAP2 genome is comparable to R. solani, which infects maize and rice, but it diverges further from soybean in terms of nucleotide-level genetic similarity. Orthologous clustering of RAP2 protein sequences with R. solani infecting maize, rice, and soybean yields 5606 proteins shared across all genomes. GO analysis of 25 proteins specific to the RAP2 genome found enrichment in the ethylene response, which can cause spore germination and infection in host plants.DiscussionInterestingly, a 28-bp deletion in the RAP2 strain’s cutinase domain was discovered in the cutinase protein, which might be important in the infection process, perhaps rendering the enzyme inactive or allowing the pathogen to infect barnyard millet while avoiding host defense. This study sheds light on the genetic makeup of R. solani, allowing researchers to discover critical genes related with pathogenicity as well as potential targets for fungicide development. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-2901df74d0154254bbe8bb74827958122025-08-20T02:11:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2024-10-011510.3389/fpls.2024.14579121457912Virulence perspective genomic research unlocks the secrets of Rhizoctonia solani associated with banded sheath blight in Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa frumentacea)T. S. S. K. Patro0K. B. Palanna1B. Jeevan2Pallavi Tatineni3T. Tharana Poonacha4Farooq Khan5G. V. Ramesh6Anusha M. Nayak7Boda Praveen8M. Divya9N. Anuradha10Y. Sandhya Rani11T. E. Nagaraja12R. Madhusudhana13C. Tara Satyavathi14S. Koti Prasanna15Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N. G. Ranga (ANGR) Agricultural University, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project (ICAR-AICRP) on Small Millets, Project Coordinating (PC) Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaCrop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, IndiaAgricultural Research Station, Acharya N. G. Ranga (ANGR) Agricultural University, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaAgricultural Research Station, Acharya N. G. Ranga (ANGR) Agricultural University, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaAgricultural Research Station, Acharya N. G. Ranga (ANGR) Agricultural University, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaAgricultural Research Station, Acharya N. G. Ranga (ANGR) Agricultural University, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaAgricultural Research Station, Acharya N. G. Ranga (ANGR) Agricultural University, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project (ICAR-AICRP) on Small Millets, Project Coordinating (PC) Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaICAR- Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, IndiaICAR- Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, IndiaDepartment of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaIntroductionBanded sheath blight (Bsb) disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is an emerging problem in barnyard millet cultivation. One of the significant goals of pathogenomic research is to identify genes responsible for pathogenicity in the fungus.MethodsA virulence profiling-based approach was employed and six R. solani isolates were collected from various ecological zones of India. The morphological parameters and virulence of all of the six R. solani isolates were investigated. The most virulent strain was designated as RAP2 and its genome has been sequenced, assembled, and annotated.ResultsThe RAP2 genome is 43.63 megabases in size and comprises 10.95% repetitive DNA, within which 46% are retroelements, 8% are DNA transposons, and 46% are unidentified DNA. The Gene Ontology (GO) annotation of RAP2 proteins revealed that “phosphorylation”, “membrane”, and “ATP binding” have the highest gene enrichment in the “biological process”, “cellular component” and “molecular function” domains, respectively. The genome comprises a majority of secretory proteins in the pectin lyase fold/virulence factor superfamily, which break down plant cell wall polymers to extract saccharides. The RAP2 genome is comparable to R. solani, which infects maize and rice, but it diverges further from soybean in terms of nucleotide-level genetic similarity. Orthologous clustering of RAP2 protein sequences with R. solani infecting maize, rice, and soybean yields 5606 proteins shared across all genomes. GO analysis of 25 proteins specific to the RAP2 genome found enrichment in the ethylene response, which can cause spore germination and infection in host plants.DiscussionInterestingly, a 28-bp deletion in the RAP2 strain’s cutinase domain was discovered in the cutinase protein, which might be important in the infection process, perhaps rendering the enzyme inactive or allowing the pathogen to infect barnyard millet while avoiding host defense. This study sheds light on the genetic makeup of R. solani, allowing researchers to discover critical genes related with pathogenicity as well as potential targets for fungicide development.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1457912/fullbanded sheath blightgenomicsmitochondrial genomesecretomecutinase proteinRhizoctonia solani |
| spellingShingle | T. S. S. K. Patro K. B. Palanna B. Jeevan Pallavi Tatineni T. Tharana Poonacha Farooq Khan G. V. Ramesh Anusha M. Nayak Boda Praveen M. Divya N. Anuradha Y. Sandhya Rani T. E. Nagaraja R. Madhusudhana C. Tara Satyavathi S. Koti Prasanna Virulence perspective genomic research unlocks the secrets of Rhizoctonia solani associated with banded sheath blight in Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) Frontiers in Plant Science banded sheath blight genomics mitochondrial genome secretome cutinase protein Rhizoctonia solani |
| title | Virulence perspective genomic research unlocks the secrets of Rhizoctonia solani associated with banded sheath blight in Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) |
| title_full | Virulence perspective genomic research unlocks the secrets of Rhizoctonia solani associated with banded sheath blight in Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) |
| title_fullStr | Virulence perspective genomic research unlocks the secrets of Rhizoctonia solani associated with banded sheath blight in Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virulence perspective genomic research unlocks the secrets of Rhizoctonia solani associated with banded sheath blight in Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) |
| title_short | Virulence perspective genomic research unlocks the secrets of Rhizoctonia solani associated with banded sheath blight in Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) |
| title_sort | virulence perspective genomic research unlocks the secrets of rhizoctonia solani associated with banded sheath blight in barnyard millet echinochloa frumentacea |
| topic | banded sheath blight genomics mitochondrial genome secretome cutinase protein Rhizoctonia solani |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1457912/full |
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