Canonical and noncanonical autophagy: involvement in Parkinson’s disease
Autophagy is the major degradation process in cells and is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological functions. While macroautophagy, which employs a series of molecular cascades to form ATG8-coated double membrane autophagosomes for degradation, remains the well-known type of canonica...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1518991/full |
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| author | Maria Sakurai Tomoki Kuwahara |
| author_facet | Maria Sakurai Tomoki Kuwahara |
| author_sort | Maria Sakurai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autophagy is the major degradation process in cells and is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological functions. While macroautophagy, which employs a series of molecular cascades to form ATG8-coated double membrane autophagosomes for degradation, remains the well-known type of canonical autophagy, microautophagy and chaperon-mediated autophagy have also been characterized. On the other hand, recent studies have focused on the functions of autophagy proteins beyond intracellular degradation, including noncanonical autophagy, also known as the conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes (CASM), and autophagy-related extracellular secretion. In particular, CASM is unique in that it does not require autophagy upstream mechanisms, while the ATG8 conjugation system is involved in a manner different from canonical autophagy. There have been many reports on the involvement of these autophagy-related mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases, with Parkinson’s disease (PD) receiving particular attention because of the important roles of several causative and risk genes, including LRRK2. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the contributions of canonical and noncanonical autophagy to cellular functions, with a special focus on the pathogenesis of PD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-28d9e7ea985c42d39a2cb6a9ad37ea8d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-28d9e7ea985c42d39a2cb6a9ad37ea8d2025-01-30T06:22:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2025-01-011310.3389/fcell.2025.15189911518991Canonical and noncanonical autophagy: involvement in Parkinson’s diseaseMaria SakuraiTomoki KuwaharaAutophagy is the major degradation process in cells and is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological functions. While macroautophagy, which employs a series of molecular cascades to form ATG8-coated double membrane autophagosomes for degradation, remains the well-known type of canonical autophagy, microautophagy and chaperon-mediated autophagy have also been characterized. On the other hand, recent studies have focused on the functions of autophagy proteins beyond intracellular degradation, including noncanonical autophagy, also known as the conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes (CASM), and autophagy-related extracellular secretion. In particular, CASM is unique in that it does not require autophagy upstream mechanisms, while the ATG8 conjugation system is involved in a manner different from canonical autophagy. There have been many reports on the involvement of these autophagy-related mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases, with Parkinson’s disease (PD) receiving particular attention because of the important roles of several causative and risk genes, including LRRK2. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the contributions of canonical and noncanonical autophagy to cellular functions, with a special focus on the pathogenesis of PD.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1518991/fullnoncanonical autophagyCASMautophagy-related secretionlysosomeParkinson’s diseaseα-synuclein |
| spellingShingle | Maria Sakurai Tomoki Kuwahara Canonical and noncanonical autophagy: involvement in Parkinson’s disease Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology noncanonical autophagy CASM autophagy-related secretion lysosome Parkinson’s disease α-synuclein |
| title | Canonical and noncanonical autophagy: involvement in Parkinson’s disease |
| title_full | Canonical and noncanonical autophagy: involvement in Parkinson’s disease |
| title_fullStr | Canonical and noncanonical autophagy: involvement in Parkinson’s disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Canonical and noncanonical autophagy: involvement in Parkinson’s disease |
| title_short | Canonical and noncanonical autophagy: involvement in Parkinson’s disease |
| title_sort | canonical and noncanonical autophagy involvement in parkinson s disease |
| topic | noncanonical autophagy CASM autophagy-related secretion lysosome Parkinson’s disease α-synuclein |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1518991/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariasakurai canonicalandnoncanonicalautophagyinvolvementinparkinsonsdisease AT tomokikuwahara canonicalandnoncanonicalautophagyinvolvementinparkinsonsdisease |