Optimization of the Esterification Process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) with Natural Zeolite Catalyst Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Esterification is one of the important processes in the production of biodiesel. This is done to ensure that the FFA content in CPO is less than 3%. The esterification reaction can be accelerated by using natural zeolite as a catalyst. Optimization needs to be carried out to select the appropriate...
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| Language: | English |
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Department of Chemistry, Pattimura University
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research |
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| Online Access: | https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/ijcr/article/view/16572 |
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| author | Said Ahmad Fadhilah Elma Fatkhurin Ni Ketut Sari |
| author_facet | Said Ahmad Fadhilah Elma Fatkhurin Ni Ketut Sari |
| author_sort | Said Ahmad Fadhilah |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Esterification is one of the important processes in the production of biodiesel. This is done to ensure that the FFA content in CPO is less than 3%. The esterification reaction can be accelerated by using natural zeolite as a catalyst. Optimization needs to be carried out to select the appropriate conditions to reach the optimal region quickly. The purposes of this research are to analyze the impact of esterification time and the natural zeolite catalyst size on the reduction of FFA levels and find the optimal parameters in the CPO esterification through RSM. Esterification is operated by maintaining the reaction temperature at 60 °C, agitation speed at 150 rpm, and using a molar ratio of methanol:CPO of 6:1. The independent variables used in the research are esterification time (90, 110, 130, 150, and 170 minutes) and natural zeolite size (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mesh). The optimization results using RSM indicate that the optimum points in the study are at an esterification time of 170 minutes and a natural zeolite size of 97.3909 mesh.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2875d7aaa42646979cfbe9ec216b14c4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2338-5359 2614-2627 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Department of Chemistry, Pattimura University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-2875d7aaa42646979cfbe9ec216b14c42025-01-26T06:38:56ZengDepartment of Chemistry, Pattimura UniversityIndonesian Journal of Chemical Research2338-53592614-26272025-01-0112310.30598/ijcr.2025.12-fadOptimization of the Esterification Process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) with Natural Zeolite Catalyst Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)Said Ahmad Fadhilah0Elma Fatkhurin1Ni Ketut Sari2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Jl. Rungkut Madya, Gn. Anyar, Surabaya 60294, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Jl. Rungkut Madya, Gn. Anyar, Surabaya 60294, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Jl. Rungkut Madya, Gn. Anyar, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia Esterification is one of the important processes in the production of biodiesel. This is done to ensure that the FFA content in CPO is less than 3%. The esterification reaction can be accelerated by using natural zeolite as a catalyst. Optimization needs to be carried out to select the appropriate conditions to reach the optimal region quickly. The purposes of this research are to analyze the impact of esterification time and the natural zeolite catalyst size on the reduction of FFA levels and find the optimal parameters in the CPO esterification through RSM. Esterification is operated by maintaining the reaction temperature at 60 °C, agitation speed at 150 rpm, and using a molar ratio of methanol:CPO of 6:1. The independent variables used in the research are esterification time (90, 110, 130, 150, and 170 minutes) and natural zeolite size (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mesh). The optimization results using RSM indicate that the optimum points in the study are at an esterification time of 170 minutes and a natural zeolite size of 97.3909 mesh. https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/ijcr/article/view/16572esterification, CPO, natural zeolite, FFA, RSM |
| spellingShingle | Said Ahmad Fadhilah Elma Fatkhurin Ni Ketut Sari Optimization of the Esterification Process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) with Natural Zeolite Catalyst Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research esterification, CPO, natural zeolite, FFA, RSM |
| title | Optimization of the Esterification Process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) with Natural Zeolite Catalyst Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) |
| title_full | Optimization of the Esterification Process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) with Natural Zeolite Catalyst Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of the Esterification Process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) with Natural Zeolite Catalyst Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of the Esterification Process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) with Natural Zeolite Catalyst Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) |
| title_short | Optimization of the Esterification Process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) with Natural Zeolite Catalyst Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) |
| title_sort | optimization of the esterification process of crude palm oil cpo with natural zeolite catalyst using response surface methodology rsm |
| topic | esterification, CPO, natural zeolite, FFA, RSM |
| url | https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/ijcr/article/view/16572 |
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