Exploring entropy production in metachronal wave motion of Carreau fluid in a channel under lubrication hypothesis

The energy loss associated with the beating of cilia in the human stomach, leading to acidity in the blood flow under certain conditions, has become a critical topic in modern medical research. This study investigates entropy generation in the flow of cilia-generated metachronal waves of Carreau flu...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Yousuf Rafiq, Zaheer Abbas, Farah Munawar, M. Mujahid, Anum Durrani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:International Journal of Thermofluids
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666202725001454
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author Muhammad Yousuf Rafiq
Zaheer Abbas
Farah Munawar
M. Mujahid
Anum Durrani
author_facet Muhammad Yousuf Rafiq
Zaheer Abbas
Farah Munawar
M. Mujahid
Anum Durrani
author_sort Muhammad Yousuf Rafiq
collection DOAJ
description The energy loss associated with the beating of cilia in the human stomach, leading to acidity in the blood flow under certain conditions, has become a critical topic in modern medical research. This study investigates entropy generation in the flow of cilia-generated metachronal waves of Carreau fluid through a channel, incorporating the effects of viscous dissipation and an externally applied magnetic field. The flow is governed by metachronal wave propagation along the ciliated channel walls. Using the lubrication hypothesis, the governing equations are normalized and solved analytically via the integration technique. Graphical representations illustrate the impact of key physical parameters on the flow behavior, providing a deeper physical interpretation of the system dynamics. Special emphasis is placed on analyzing pumping efficiency and trapped bolus formation in Carreau fluid due to ciliary metachronism. The results indicate that fluid velocity increases with higher values of the power-law index parameter and eccentricity parameter. Additionally, fluid temperature rises with an increasing Brinkman number but decreases as the Weissenberg number increases. These findings offer valuable insights into the optimization of biomedical microfluidic devices, particularly in the design of magnetic micro-bots for targeted medical applications.
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spelling doaj-art-27f9bfb65e2f4b6fb8e65d2c1d8ffded2025-08-20T02:15:47ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Thermofluids2666-20272025-05-012710119810.1016/j.ijft.2025.101198Exploring entropy production in metachronal wave motion of Carreau fluid in a channel under lubrication hypothesisMuhammad Yousuf Rafiq0Zaheer Abbas1Farah Munawar2M. Mujahid3Anum Durrani4Corresponding author.; Department of Mathematics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanDepartment of Mathematics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanDepartment of Mathematics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanDepartment of Mathematics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanDepartment of Mathematics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanThe energy loss associated with the beating of cilia in the human stomach, leading to acidity in the blood flow under certain conditions, has become a critical topic in modern medical research. This study investigates entropy generation in the flow of cilia-generated metachronal waves of Carreau fluid through a channel, incorporating the effects of viscous dissipation and an externally applied magnetic field. The flow is governed by metachronal wave propagation along the ciliated channel walls. Using the lubrication hypothesis, the governing equations are normalized and solved analytically via the integration technique. Graphical representations illustrate the impact of key physical parameters on the flow behavior, providing a deeper physical interpretation of the system dynamics. Special emphasis is placed on analyzing pumping efficiency and trapped bolus formation in Carreau fluid due to ciliary metachronism. The results indicate that fluid velocity increases with higher values of the power-law index parameter and eccentricity parameter. Additionally, fluid temperature rises with an increasing Brinkman number but decreases as the Weissenberg number increases. These findings offer valuable insights into the optimization of biomedical microfluidic devices, particularly in the design of magnetic micro-bots for targeted medical applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666202725001454Carreau fluidMetachronal wavesPorous mediumEntropy generationPerturbation method
spellingShingle Muhammad Yousuf Rafiq
Zaheer Abbas
Farah Munawar
M. Mujahid
Anum Durrani
Exploring entropy production in metachronal wave motion of Carreau fluid in a channel under lubrication hypothesis
International Journal of Thermofluids
Carreau fluid
Metachronal waves
Porous medium
Entropy generation
Perturbation method
title Exploring entropy production in metachronal wave motion of Carreau fluid in a channel under lubrication hypothesis
title_full Exploring entropy production in metachronal wave motion of Carreau fluid in a channel under lubrication hypothesis
title_fullStr Exploring entropy production in metachronal wave motion of Carreau fluid in a channel under lubrication hypothesis
title_full_unstemmed Exploring entropy production in metachronal wave motion of Carreau fluid in a channel under lubrication hypothesis
title_short Exploring entropy production in metachronal wave motion of Carreau fluid in a channel under lubrication hypothesis
title_sort exploring entropy production in metachronal wave motion of carreau fluid in a channel under lubrication hypothesis
topic Carreau fluid
Metachronal waves
Porous medium
Entropy generation
Perturbation method
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666202725001454
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