Exploring the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from the Roots and Aboveground Parts of <i>Limonium gmelini</i>
<i>Limonium gmelini</i> (<i>Willd.</i>) Kuntze, a plant widely used in traditional medicine, has garnered increasing attention for its diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. This study aimed t...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/14/3024 |
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| author | Dariya Kassymova Francesco Cairone Donatella Ambroselli Rosa Lanzetta Bruno Casciaro Aizhan Zhussupova Deborah Quaglio Angela Casillo Galiya E. Zhusupova Maria Michela Corsaro Bruno Botta Silvia Cammarone Maria Luisa Mangoni Cinzia Ingallina Francesca Ghirga |
| author_facet | Dariya Kassymova Francesco Cairone Donatella Ambroselli Rosa Lanzetta Bruno Casciaro Aizhan Zhussupova Deborah Quaglio Angela Casillo Galiya E. Zhusupova Maria Michela Corsaro Bruno Botta Silvia Cammarone Maria Luisa Mangoni Cinzia Ingallina Francesca Ghirga |
| author_sort | Dariya Kassymova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Limonium gmelini</i> (<i>Willd.</i>) Kuntze, a plant widely used in traditional medicine, has garnered increasing attention for its diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. This study aimed to explore the chemical composition and biological activities of polysaccharides and polyphenolic compounds extracted from both the roots and aboveground parts of <i>Limonium gmelini</i>. Several methods of extraction, including ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), conventional maceration (CM), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), were employed to obtain bioactive fractions. Chemical profiling, primarily represented by monosaccharides and polyphenolic compounds, was characterized and analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H-NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. While polyphenol-rich fractions exhibited significant antibacterial activity, particularly against <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, polysaccharide-rich aqueous fractions showed minimal antibacterial activity. Among the methods, CM and UAE yielded higher polyphenol content, whereas SFE provided more selective extractions. Notably, methanolic SPE fractions derived from the roots were especially enriched in active polyphenols such as gallic acid, myricetin, and naringenin, and they exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. In contrast, extracts from the aboveground parts showed more moderate activity and a partially different chemical profile. These findings underscore the importance of plant part selection and support the targeted use of root-derived polyphenol-enriched fractions from <i>L. gmelini</i> as promising candidates for the development of natural antibacterial agents. Further investigation is needed to isolate and validate the most active constituents for potential therapeutic applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-27cefd1764e94de6be4154e541662f6f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-27cefd1764e94de6be4154e541662f6f2025-08-20T03:32:16ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-07-013014302410.3390/molecules30143024Exploring the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from the Roots and Aboveground Parts of <i>Limonium gmelini</i>Dariya Kassymova0Francesco Cairone1Donatella Ambroselli2Rosa Lanzetta3Bruno Casciaro4Aizhan Zhussupova5Deborah Quaglio6Angela Casillo7Galiya E. Zhusupova8Maria Michela Corsaro9Bruno Botta10Silvia Cammarone11Maria Luisa Mangoni12Cinzia Ingallina13Francesca Ghirga14Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Natural Compounds and Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, NPJSC Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, ItalyLaboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, NPJSC Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Natural Compounds and Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, NPJSC Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyLaboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy<i>Limonium gmelini</i> (<i>Willd.</i>) Kuntze, a plant widely used in traditional medicine, has garnered increasing attention for its diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. This study aimed to explore the chemical composition and biological activities of polysaccharides and polyphenolic compounds extracted from both the roots and aboveground parts of <i>Limonium gmelini</i>. Several methods of extraction, including ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), conventional maceration (CM), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), were employed to obtain bioactive fractions. Chemical profiling, primarily represented by monosaccharides and polyphenolic compounds, was characterized and analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H-NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. While polyphenol-rich fractions exhibited significant antibacterial activity, particularly against <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, polysaccharide-rich aqueous fractions showed minimal antibacterial activity. Among the methods, CM and UAE yielded higher polyphenol content, whereas SFE provided more selective extractions. Notably, methanolic SPE fractions derived from the roots were especially enriched in active polyphenols such as gallic acid, myricetin, and naringenin, and they exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. In contrast, extracts from the aboveground parts showed more moderate activity and a partially different chemical profile. These findings underscore the importance of plant part selection and support the targeted use of root-derived polyphenol-enriched fractions from <i>L. gmelini</i> as promising candidates for the development of natural antibacterial agents. Further investigation is needed to isolate and validate the most active constituents for potential therapeutic applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/14/3024<i>Limonium gmelini</i>polysaccharidespolyphenolsmonosaccharide compositionmonosaccharide linkagesantibacterial activity |
| spellingShingle | Dariya Kassymova Francesco Cairone Donatella Ambroselli Rosa Lanzetta Bruno Casciaro Aizhan Zhussupova Deborah Quaglio Angela Casillo Galiya E. Zhusupova Maria Michela Corsaro Bruno Botta Silvia Cammarone Maria Luisa Mangoni Cinzia Ingallina Francesca Ghirga Exploring the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from the Roots and Aboveground Parts of <i>Limonium gmelini</i> Molecules <i>Limonium gmelini</i> polysaccharides polyphenols monosaccharide composition monosaccharide linkages antibacterial activity |
| title | Exploring the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from the Roots and Aboveground Parts of <i>Limonium gmelini</i> |
| title_full | Exploring the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from the Roots and Aboveground Parts of <i>Limonium gmelini</i> |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from the Roots and Aboveground Parts of <i>Limonium gmelini</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from the Roots and Aboveground Parts of <i>Limonium gmelini</i> |
| title_short | Exploring the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from the Roots and Aboveground Parts of <i>Limonium gmelini</i> |
| title_sort | exploring the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of extracts from the roots and aboveground parts of i limonium gmelini i |
| topic | <i>Limonium gmelini</i> polysaccharides polyphenols monosaccharide composition monosaccharide linkages antibacterial activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/14/3024 |
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