An Experimental Study of Radiated Energy from an Optical Fiber and the Potential for an Optical MIMO System
Leaky feeders provide seamless and uniform signal coverage in confined spaces like tunnels, mines, and buildings. Their easy scalability and integration with modern systems, like Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), make them ideal for environments requiring reliable and consistent connectivity. H...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/2916 |
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| author | Hasan Farahneh Jamal S. Rahhal Dia I. Abualnadi Ibrahim Mansour Ahmad K. Atieh Xavier Fernando |
| author_facet | Hasan Farahneh Jamal S. Rahhal Dia I. Abualnadi Ibrahim Mansour Ahmad K. Atieh Xavier Fernando |
| author_sort | Hasan Farahneh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leaky feeders provide seamless and uniform signal coverage in confined spaces like tunnels, mines, and buildings. Their easy scalability and integration with modern systems, like Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), make them ideal for environments requiring reliable and consistent connectivity. However, using optical fiber as a radiating cable has never been investigated before. This may seem infeasible at first sight. However, our experimental study shows otherwise. We measured light leaking from a bent optical fiber transmitter. We also derived closed-form formulas to describe the amount of leakage energy and found that this energy exponentially varies with the square of the curvature radius. This allows us to design an Optical Leaky Feeder (OLF) transmission system for the first time. Then, we analytically show that a slotted optical fiber can be used as a MIMO receiver. The proposed system can ensure reliable, high-quality signal distribution even in challenging environments like tunnels, industrial settings, and dense urban areas. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2679e33a5b6446feb6b5ca2e821566e1 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-2679e33a5b6446feb6b5ca2e821566e12025-08-20T02:42:38ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01156291610.3390/app15062916An Experimental Study of Radiated Energy from an Optical Fiber and the Potential for an Optical MIMO SystemHasan Farahneh0Jamal S. Rahhal1Dia I. Abualnadi2Ibrahim Mansour3Ahmad K. Atieh4Xavier Fernando5Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanElectrical Engineering Department, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, JordanOptiwave Systems Inc., Nepean, ON K2E 8A7, CanadaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, CanadaLeaky feeders provide seamless and uniform signal coverage in confined spaces like tunnels, mines, and buildings. Their easy scalability and integration with modern systems, like Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), make them ideal for environments requiring reliable and consistent connectivity. However, using optical fiber as a radiating cable has never been investigated before. This may seem infeasible at first sight. However, our experimental study shows otherwise. We measured light leaking from a bent optical fiber transmitter. We also derived closed-form formulas to describe the amount of leakage energy and found that this energy exponentially varies with the square of the curvature radius. This allows us to design an Optical Leaky Feeder (OLF) transmission system for the first time. Then, we analytically show that a slotted optical fiber can be used as a MIMO receiver. The proposed system can ensure reliable, high-quality signal distribution even in challenging environments like tunnels, industrial settings, and dense urban areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/2916optical leaky feederMIMObending lossoptical fiber |
| spellingShingle | Hasan Farahneh Jamal S. Rahhal Dia I. Abualnadi Ibrahim Mansour Ahmad K. Atieh Xavier Fernando An Experimental Study of Radiated Energy from an Optical Fiber and the Potential for an Optical MIMO System Applied Sciences optical leaky feeder MIMO bending loss optical fiber |
| title | An Experimental Study of Radiated Energy from an Optical Fiber and the Potential for an Optical MIMO System |
| title_full | An Experimental Study of Radiated Energy from an Optical Fiber and the Potential for an Optical MIMO System |
| title_fullStr | An Experimental Study of Radiated Energy from an Optical Fiber and the Potential for an Optical MIMO System |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Experimental Study of Radiated Energy from an Optical Fiber and the Potential for an Optical MIMO System |
| title_short | An Experimental Study of Radiated Energy from an Optical Fiber and the Potential for an Optical MIMO System |
| title_sort | experimental study of radiated energy from an optical fiber and the potential for an optical mimo system |
| topic | optical leaky feeder MIMO bending loss optical fiber |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/2916 |
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