Synergistic Approach of High-Precision 3D Printing and Low Cell Adhesion for Enhanced Self-Assembled Spheroid Formation
Spheroids, as three-dimensional (3D) cell aggregates, can be prepared using various methods, including hanging drops, microwells, microfluidics, magnetic manipulation, and bioreactors. However, current spheroid manufacturing techniques face challenges such as complex workflows, the need for speciali...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Biosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/7 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832588890720960512 |
|---|---|
| author | Chunxiang Lu Aoxiang Jin Chuang Gao Hao Qiao Huazhen Liu Yi Zhang Wenbin Sun Shih-Mo Yang Yuanyuan Liu |
| author_facet | Chunxiang Lu Aoxiang Jin Chuang Gao Hao Qiao Huazhen Liu Yi Zhang Wenbin Sun Shih-Mo Yang Yuanyuan Liu |
| author_sort | Chunxiang Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spheroids, as three-dimensional (3D) cell aggregates, can be prepared using various methods, including hanging drops, microwells, microfluidics, magnetic manipulation, and bioreactors. However, current spheroid manufacturing techniques face challenges such as complex workflows, the need for specialized personnel, and poor batch reproducibility. In this study, we designed a support-free, 3D-printed microwell chip and developed a compatible low-cell-adhesion process. Through simulation and experimental validation, we rapidly optimized microwell size and the coating process. We successfully formed three types of spheroids—human immortalized epidermal cells (HaCaTs), umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), and human osteosarcoma cells (MG63s)—on the chip. Fluorescent viability staining confirmed the biocompatibility and reliability of the chip. Finally, drug response experiments were conducted using the chip. Compared to traditional methods, our proposed strategy enables high-throughput production of size-controlled spheroids with excellent shape retention, while enhanced gas exchange during culture improves differentiation marker expression. This platform provides an efficient and cost-effective solution for biosensing applications, such as drug screening, disease modeling, and personalized therapy monitoring. Furthermore, the chip shows significant potential for real-time in vitro monitoring of cellular viability, reaction kinetics, and drug sensitivity, offering valuable advancements in biosensor technology for life sciences and medical applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-264a1e70e144437ca2c3464b94ea3e42 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-264a1e70e144437ca2c3464b94ea3e422025-01-24T13:25:24ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742024-12-01151710.3390/bios15010007Synergistic Approach of High-Precision 3D Printing and Low Cell Adhesion for Enhanced Self-Assembled Spheroid FormationChunxiang Lu0Aoxiang Jin1Chuang Gao2Hao Qiao3Huazhen Liu4Yi Zhang5Wenbin Sun6Shih-Mo Yang7Yuanyuan Liu8School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSpheroids, as three-dimensional (3D) cell aggregates, can be prepared using various methods, including hanging drops, microwells, microfluidics, magnetic manipulation, and bioreactors. However, current spheroid manufacturing techniques face challenges such as complex workflows, the need for specialized personnel, and poor batch reproducibility. In this study, we designed a support-free, 3D-printed microwell chip and developed a compatible low-cell-adhesion process. Through simulation and experimental validation, we rapidly optimized microwell size and the coating process. We successfully formed three types of spheroids—human immortalized epidermal cells (HaCaTs), umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), and human osteosarcoma cells (MG63s)—on the chip. Fluorescent viability staining confirmed the biocompatibility and reliability of the chip. Finally, drug response experiments were conducted using the chip. Compared to traditional methods, our proposed strategy enables high-throughput production of size-controlled spheroids with excellent shape retention, while enhanced gas exchange during culture improves differentiation marker expression. This platform provides an efficient and cost-effective solution for biosensing applications, such as drug screening, disease modeling, and personalized therapy monitoring. Furthermore, the chip shows significant potential for real-time in vitro monitoring of cellular viability, reaction kinetics, and drug sensitivity, offering valuable advancements in biosensor technology for life sciences and medical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/7biofabrication3D printingchipspheroid |
| spellingShingle | Chunxiang Lu Aoxiang Jin Chuang Gao Hao Qiao Huazhen Liu Yi Zhang Wenbin Sun Shih-Mo Yang Yuanyuan Liu Synergistic Approach of High-Precision 3D Printing and Low Cell Adhesion for Enhanced Self-Assembled Spheroid Formation Biosensors biofabrication 3D printing chip spheroid |
| title | Synergistic Approach of High-Precision 3D Printing and Low Cell Adhesion for Enhanced Self-Assembled Spheroid Formation |
| title_full | Synergistic Approach of High-Precision 3D Printing and Low Cell Adhesion for Enhanced Self-Assembled Spheroid Formation |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic Approach of High-Precision 3D Printing and Low Cell Adhesion for Enhanced Self-Assembled Spheroid Formation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic Approach of High-Precision 3D Printing and Low Cell Adhesion for Enhanced Self-Assembled Spheroid Formation |
| title_short | Synergistic Approach of High-Precision 3D Printing and Low Cell Adhesion for Enhanced Self-Assembled Spheroid Formation |
| title_sort | synergistic approach of high precision 3d printing and low cell adhesion for enhanced self assembled spheroid formation |
| topic | biofabrication 3D printing chip spheroid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chunxianglu synergisticapproachofhighprecision3dprintingandlowcelladhesionforenhancedselfassembledspheroidformation AT aoxiangjin synergisticapproachofhighprecision3dprintingandlowcelladhesionforenhancedselfassembledspheroidformation AT chuanggao synergisticapproachofhighprecision3dprintingandlowcelladhesionforenhancedselfassembledspheroidformation AT haoqiao synergisticapproachofhighprecision3dprintingandlowcelladhesionforenhancedselfassembledspheroidformation AT huazhenliu synergisticapproachofhighprecision3dprintingandlowcelladhesionforenhancedselfassembledspheroidformation AT yizhang synergisticapproachofhighprecision3dprintingandlowcelladhesionforenhancedselfassembledspheroidformation AT wenbinsun synergisticapproachofhighprecision3dprintingandlowcelladhesionforenhancedselfassembledspheroidformation AT shihmoyang synergisticapproachofhighprecision3dprintingandlowcelladhesionforenhancedselfassembledspheroidformation AT yuanyuanliu synergisticapproachofhighprecision3dprintingandlowcelladhesionforenhancedselfassembledspheroidformation |