The controversies of parabens – an overview nowadays
Effects of paraben toxicity, i.e., endocrine-disruption properties, are in the focus of researchers for decades, but still – they are a hot subject of debate. Parabens are aliphatic esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which are widely used as antimicrobial agents for the preservation of cosmetics, phar...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Sciendo
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Acta Pharmaceutica |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2021-0001 |
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| author | Petric Zvonimir Ružić Julia Žuntar Irena |
| author_facet | Petric Zvonimir Ružić Julia Žuntar Irena |
| author_sort | Petric Zvonimir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Effects of paraben toxicity, i.e., endocrine-disruption properties, are in the focus of researchers for decades, but still – they are a hot subject of debate. Parabens are aliphatic esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which are widely used as antimicrobial agents for the preservation of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods. Mostly used parabens are methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and butylparaben. Although the toxicity of parabens is reported in animals and in in vitro studies, it cannot be taken for granted when discussing hazards for human health due to an unrealistic exposure -safety profile. Many studies have demonstrated that parabens are non-teratogenic, non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic and the real evidence for their toxicity in humans has not been established. For now, methyl-, ethyl- and propylparaben are considered safe for use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals within the recommended range of doses. Regarding alternatives for parabens, a variety of approaches have been proposed, but every substitute would need to be tested rigorously for toxicity and safety. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-24a2199647c14b15a1045e33fab184cc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1846-9558 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Sciendo |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Pharmaceutica |
| spelling | doaj-art-24a2199647c14b15a1045e33fab184cc2025-02-02T09:44:23ZengSciendoActa Pharmaceutica1846-95582021-03-01711173210.2478/acph-2021-0001acph-2021-0001The controversies of parabens – an overview nowadaysPetric Zvonimir0Ružić Julia1Žuntar Irena2Unit of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmacology at the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40 530Göteborg, SwedenIndependent Unit of ToxicologyUniversity of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry10 000Zagreb, CroatiaIndependent Unit of ToxicologyUniversity of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry10 000Zagreb, CroatiaEffects of paraben toxicity, i.e., endocrine-disruption properties, are in the focus of researchers for decades, but still – they are a hot subject of debate. Parabens are aliphatic esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which are widely used as antimicrobial agents for the preservation of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods. Mostly used parabens are methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and butylparaben. Although the toxicity of parabens is reported in animals and in in vitro studies, it cannot be taken for granted when discussing hazards for human health due to an unrealistic exposure -safety profile. Many studies have demonstrated that parabens are non-teratogenic, non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic and the real evidence for their toxicity in humans has not been established. For now, methyl-, ethyl- and propylparaben are considered safe for use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals within the recommended range of doses. Regarding alternatives for parabens, a variety of approaches have been proposed, but every substitute would need to be tested rigorously for toxicity and safety.https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2021-0001parabenstoxicitysafetyendocrine disruptionhealth risk |
| spellingShingle | Petric Zvonimir Ružić Julia Žuntar Irena The controversies of parabens – an overview nowadays Acta Pharmaceutica parabens toxicity safety endocrine disruption health risk |
| title | The controversies of parabens – an overview nowadays |
| title_full | The controversies of parabens – an overview nowadays |
| title_fullStr | The controversies of parabens – an overview nowadays |
| title_full_unstemmed | The controversies of parabens – an overview nowadays |
| title_short | The controversies of parabens – an overview nowadays |
| title_sort | controversies of parabens an overview nowadays |
| topic | parabens toxicity safety endocrine disruption health risk |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2021-0001 |
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