Longitudinal alterations in morphological brain networks and cognitive function in common-type COVID-19: a 3-month follow-up study

PurposeTo investigate the morphological network and cognitive function of patients with common-type coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the acute phase, and examine dynamic changes at 3-month follow-up.MethodsAt baseline, high-resolution T1-weighted imaging was conducted in 35 patients with C...

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Main Authors: Ying Liu, Bei Peng, Haixia Qin, Kaixuan Zhou, Shihuan Lin, Yinqi Lai, Lingyan Liang, Gaoxiong Duan, Xiaocheng Li, Xiaoyan Zhou, Yichen Wei, Qingping Zhang, Jinli Huang, Yan Zhang, Jiazhu Huang, Ruijing Sun, Sijing Tuo, Yuxin Chen, Demao Deng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Neurology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1549195/full
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Summary:PurposeTo investigate the morphological network and cognitive function of patients with common-type coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the acute phase, and examine dynamic changes at 3-month follow-up.MethodsAt baseline, high-resolution T1-weighted imaging was conducted in 35 patients with COVID-19 and 40 healthy controls; 22 patients were reassessed at 3 months. All patients underwent cognitive assessments. Individual morphological brain networks were constructed using grey matter volume similarity, and topological properties were analyzed using graph theory. We used an independent sample t-test at baseline and a paired sample t-test to compare the 3-month follow-up with the acute phase, with false discovery rate corrections (p < 0.05).ResultsIn the acute phase, patients exhibited increased subcortical network (SCN) connectivity, and reduced connectivity between the frontoparietal network (FPN) and limbic network (LN), the SCN and dorsal/ventral attention network (DAN/VAN), and the LN and DAN. At follow-up, SCN connectivity remained elevated, with partial recovery in SCN-DAN/VAN and LN-DAN connectivity, and significant FPN-LN improvements. Enhanced global efficiency and reduced path length indicated improved network integration. Additionally, digit symbol substitution test and verbal fluency test scores improved over time.ConclusionCOVID-19 induces short-term disruptions in cognition-related morphological subnetworks, with subcortical networks compensating for these changes. Significant recovery in FPN-LN connectivity and partial restoration of other networks highlight the plasticity of the brain and suggest that FPN-LN connectivity is a potential neuroimaging marker for cognitive recovery.
ISSN:1664-2295