Systemic Inflammatory Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury, Femur Fracture, and Shock: An Experimental Murine Polytrauma Model
Objective. Despite broad research in neurotrauma and shock, little is known on systemic inflammatory effects of the clinically most relevant combined polytrauma. Experimental investigation in an animal model may provide relevant insight for therapeutic strategies. We describe the effects of a combin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2012-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/136020 |
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| author | C. Probst M. J. Mirzayan P. Mommsen C. Zeckey T. Tegeder L. Geerken M. Maegele A. Samii M. van Griensven |
| author_facet | C. Probst M. J. Mirzayan P. Mommsen C. Zeckey T. Tegeder L. Geerken M. Maegele A. Samii M. van Griensven |
| author_sort | C. Probst |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective. Despite broad research in neurotrauma and shock, little is known on systemic inflammatory effects of the clinically most relevant combined polytrauma. Experimental investigation in an animal model may provide relevant insight for therapeutic strategies. We describe the effects of a combined injury with respect to lymphocyte population and cytokine activation.
Methods. 45 male C57BL/6J mice (mean weight 27 g) were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine. Animals were subjected to a weight drop closed traumatic brain injury (WD-TBI), a femoral fracture and hemorrhagic shock (FX-SH). Animals were subdivided into WD-TBI, FX-SH and combined trauma (CO-TX) groups. Subjects were sacrificed at 96 h. Blood was analysed for cytokines and by flow cytometry for lymphocyte populations.
Results. Mortality was 8%, 13% and 47% for FX-SH, WD-TBI and CO-TX groups (P<0.05). TNFα (11/13/139 for FX-SH/WD-TBI/CO-TX; P<0.05), CCL2 (78/96/227; P<0.05) and IL-6 (16/48/281; P=0.05) showed significant increases in the CO-TX group. Lymphocyte populations results for FX-SH, WD-TBI and CO-TX were: CD-4 (31/21/22; P= n.s.), CD-8 (7/28/34, P<0.05), CD-4-CD-8 (11/12/18; P= n.s.), CD-56 (36/7/8; P<0.05).
Conclusion. This study shows that a combination of closed TBI and femur-fracture/ shock results in an increase of the humoral inflammation. More attention to combined injury models in inflammation research is indicated. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2465323de65546b58c12268ef63e9847 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-2465323de65546b58c12268ef63e98472025-02-03T06:14:11ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612012-01-01201210.1155/2012/136020136020Systemic Inflammatory Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury, Femur Fracture, and Shock: An Experimental Murine Polytrauma ModelC. Probst0M. J. Mirzayan1P. Mommsen2C. Zeckey3T. Tegeder4L. Geerken5M. Maegele6A. Samii7M. van Griensven8Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center, Faculty of Health-School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Straße 200, 51109 Cologne, GermanyDepartment of Trauma, Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Traumatology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Traumatology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Traumatology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Anaesthesiology, Nordstadt Hospital Hannover, 30167 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center, Faculty of Health-School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Straße 200, 51109 Cologne, GermanyInternational Neuroscience Institute Hannover, Department of Neurosurgery, 30625 Hannover, GermanyInstitute of Experimental Traumatology, University of Technology-Munich, 81675 München, GermanyObjective. Despite broad research in neurotrauma and shock, little is known on systemic inflammatory effects of the clinically most relevant combined polytrauma. Experimental investigation in an animal model may provide relevant insight for therapeutic strategies. We describe the effects of a combined injury with respect to lymphocyte population and cytokine activation. Methods. 45 male C57BL/6J mice (mean weight 27 g) were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine. Animals were subjected to a weight drop closed traumatic brain injury (WD-TBI), a femoral fracture and hemorrhagic shock (FX-SH). Animals were subdivided into WD-TBI, FX-SH and combined trauma (CO-TX) groups. Subjects were sacrificed at 96 h. Blood was analysed for cytokines and by flow cytometry for lymphocyte populations. Results. Mortality was 8%, 13% and 47% for FX-SH, WD-TBI and CO-TX groups (P<0.05). TNFα (11/13/139 for FX-SH/WD-TBI/CO-TX; P<0.05), CCL2 (78/96/227; P<0.05) and IL-6 (16/48/281; P=0.05) showed significant increases in the CO-TX group. Lymphocyte populations results for FX-SH, WD-TBI and CO-TX were: CD-4 (31/21/22; P= n.s.), CD-8 (7/28/34, P<0.05), CD-4-CD-8 (11/12/18; P= n.s.), CD-56 (36/7/8; P<0.05). Conclusion. This study shows that a combination of closed TBI and femur-fracture/ shock results in an increase of the humoral inflammation. More attention to combined injury models in inflammation research is indicated.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/136020 |
| spellingShingle | C. Probst M. J. Mirzayan P. Mommsen C. Zeckey T. Tegeder L. Geerken M. Maegele A. Samii M. van Griensven Systemic Inflammatory Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury, Femur Fracture, and Shock: An Experimental Murine Polytrauma Model Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Systemic Inflammatory Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury, Femur Fracture, and Shock: An Experimental Murine Polytrauma Model |
| title_full | Systemic Inflammatory Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury, Femur Fracture, and Shock: An Experimental Murine Polytrauma Model |
| title_fullStr | Systemic Inflammatory Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury, Femur Fracture, and Shock: An Experimental Murine Polytrauma Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Systemic Inflammatory Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury, Femur Fracture, and Shock: An Experimental Murine Polytrauma Model |
| title_short | Systemic Inflammatory Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury, Femur Fracture, and Shock: An Experimental Murine Polytrauma Model |
| title_sort | systemic inflammatory effects of traumatic brain injury femur fracture and shock an experimental murine polytrauma model |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/136020 |
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