Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluated rapid Attenuated Total Reflection/ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy method for piper nigrum Samples Coupled with multivariate analysis
“Piper nigrum”, a very well-known black gold is recommended to treat numerous ailments. The primary concerns in quality of piper nigrum arise due to numerous factors including adulteration, omission and partial substitution. A novel, rapid, steadfast method based on attenuated total reflectance - Fo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Green Analytical Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772577425000059 |
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| author | Rinkal N Patel Kunjal L Vegad Ruchik V Mistry Nikunj D Patel |
| author_facet | Rinkal N Patel Kunjal L Vegad Ruchik V Mistry Nikunj D Patel |
| author_sort | Rinkal N Patel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | “Piper nigrum”, a very well-known black gold is recommended to treat numerous ailments. The primary concerns in quality of piper nigrum arise due to numerous factors including adulteration, omission and partial substitution. A novel, rapid, steadfast method based on attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) technique with a diamond crystal was developed to evaluate samples of piper nigrum. Total twenty-six different samples including authenticated in-house sample were studied. For, Fourier transform infrared study transmittance mode was kept to record the spectra. The resultant data was then treated with chemometric method. Chemometric methods like Principal Component Analysis was used for quality assessment of piper nigrum by evaluating the differences in market samples. 25 important FTIR peaks responsible for complete variation for routine analysis of piper nigrum samples were identified and based on score plot of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), outliers were distinguished from the authenticated piper nigrum sample. The greenness, evaluation of the developed method was achieved through Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (Complex GAPI) (85), Analytical Greenness Metric (AGREE) (0.95) revealing the method's favourable eco-friendly profile. Blueness evaluation through Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) score (80) indicated excellent applicability, while whiteness evaluation through the precise re-versioned RGB pretty good score (Ex ante: 91.8, Ex post: 91.4) confirmed cost-effectiveness and sustainability. This novel eco-friendly approach offers a rapid, green, blue and-white substitute to available conventional analytical techniques. The developed method was easy to handle, cheaper, simple, rapid, precise and stable that can be used as an effective routine quality assessment of piper nigrum. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2406829e57384b89aa0498fdf9d1ec5d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2772-5774 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Green Analytical Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-2406829e57384b89aa0498fdf9d1ec5d2025-01-31T05:12:46ZengElsevierGreen Analytical Chemistry2772-57742025-03-0112100208Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluated rapid Attenuated Total Reflection/ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy method for piper nigrum Samples Coupled with multivariate analysisRinkal N Patel0Kunjal L Vegad1Ruchik V Mistry2Nikunj D Patel3Faculty of Pharmacy, Parul College of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, IndiaFaculty of Pharmacy, Parul College of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, IndiaSchool of Pharmacy, National Forensic Sciences University, An institution of National importance, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Gandhinagar, IndiaSchool of Pharmacy, National Forensic Sciences University, An institution of National importance, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Gandhinagar, India; Corresponding author.“Piper nigrum”, a very well-known black gold is recommended to treat numerous ailments. The primary concerns in quality of piper nigrum arise due to numerous factors including adulteration, omission and partial substitution. A novel, rapid, steadfast method based on attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) technique with a diamond crystal was developed to evaluate samples of piper nigrum. Total twenty-six different samples including authenticated in-house sample were studied. For, Fourier transform infrared study transmittance mode was kept to record the spectra. The resultant data was then treated with chemometric method. Chemometric methods like Principal Component Analysis was used for quality assessment of piper nigrum by evaluating the differences in market samples. 25 important FTIR peaks responsible for complete variation for routine analysis of piper nigrum samples were identified and based on score plot of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), outliers were distinguished from the authenticated piper nigrum sample. The greenness, evaluation of the developed method was achieved through Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (Complex GAPI) (85), Analytical Greenness Metric (AGREE) (0.95) revealing the method's favourable eco-friendly profile. Blueness evaluation through Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) score (80) indicated excellent applicability, while whiteness evaluation through the precise re-versioned RGB pretty good score (Ex ante: 91.8, Ex post: 91.4) confirmed cost-effectiveness and sustainability. This novel eco-friendly approach offers a rapid, green, blue and-white substitute to available conventional analytical techniques. The developed method was easy to handle, cheaper, simple, rapid, precise and stable that can be used as an effective routine quality assessment of piper nigrum.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772577425000059Attenuated total reflection/ Fourier transform infraredpiper nigrumqualityPrincipal Component Analysiseco-friendly |
| spellingShingle | Rinkal N Patel Kunjal L Vegad Ruchik V Mistry Nikunj D Patel Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluated rapid Attenuated Total Reflection/ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy method for piper nigrum Samples Coupled with multivariate analysis Green Analytical Chemistry Attenuated total reflection/ Fourier transform infrared piper nigrum quality Principal Component Analysis eco-friendly |
| title | Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluated rapid Attenuated Total Reflection/ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy method for piper nigrum Samples Coupled with multivariate analysis |
| title_full | Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluated rapid Attenuated Total Reflection/ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy method for piper nigrum Samples Coupled with multivariate analysis |
| title_fullStr | Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluated rapid Attenuated Total Reflection/ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy method for piper nigrum Samples Coupled with multivariate analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluated rapid Attenuated Total Reflection/ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy method for piper nigrum Samples Coupled with multivariate analysis |
| title_short | Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluated rapid Attenuated Total Reflection/ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy method for piper nigrum Samples Coupled with multivariate analysis |
| title_sort | greenness blueness and whiteness evaluated rapid attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method for piper nigrum samples coupled with multivariate analysis |
| topic | Attenuated total reflection/ Fourier transform infrared piper nigrum quality Principal Component Analysis eco-friendly |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772577425000059 |
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