Genetic Background and Phenotypic Aspects of Light-Induced Carotenoid Biosynthesis in <i>Isosphaeraceae</i> Planctomycetes
Nearly half of the currently described planctomycetes display pink, red, or orange pigmentation. Until recently, however, carotenoid biosynthesis in these bacteria remained largely unexplored. We examined the carotenogenesis and its genetic background in a novel planctomycete of the family <i>...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Microbiology Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/1/5 |
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| Summary: | Nearly half of the currently described planctomycetes display pink, red, or orange pigmentation. Until recently, however, carotenoid biosynthesis in these bacteria remained largely unexplored. We examined the carotenogenesis and its genetic background in a novel planctomycete of the family <i>Isosphaeraceae</i>, <i>Singulisphaera</i> sp. Ch08. This bacterium changed its color from white to pink when exposed to light during cultivation. Major components of the pigment extract from strain Ch08 were derivatives of the C30 carotenoid 4,4′-diapolycopene. The genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathways of strain Ch08, a non-pigmented planctomycete <i>Singulisphaera acidiphila</i> MOB10<sup>T</sup>, and all described <i>Isosphaeraceae</i> members with determined genome sequences were analyzed. The biosynthesis of C30 carotenoids via squalene, as evidenced by the presence of <i>hpnCDE</i> and <i>crtNPQO</i> gene clusters, was encoded in genomes of all pigmented <i>Singulisphaera</i>, <i>Aquisphaera</i>, and <i>Paludisphaera</i> species. Non-pigmented <i>Singulisphaera acidiphila</i> MOB10<sup>T</sup> and <i>Tautonia sociabilis</i> GM2012<sup>T</sup> lacked full sets of genes required for carotenoid biosynthesis. <i>Isosphaera pallida</i> IS1B<sup>T</sup> and pigmented <i>Tautonia</i> species possessed <i>crtB</i> and <i>crtI</i> genes, enabling production of C40 carotenoids, but the key genes associated with C30 carotenoid biosynthesis were absent. Notably, some <i>Isosphaeraceae</i> genomes, including that of <i>Singulisphaera</i> sp. Ch08, harbor the putative <i>carH</i> gene, which is involved in B<sub>12</sub>-dependent photoregulation of carotenogenesis. |
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| ISSN: | 2036-7481 |