Temporal changes in per and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their associations with type 2 diabetes

Abstract We assessed temporal changes of PFAS and associations with T2DM over a period of 30 years in a nested case–control study with repeated measurements. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between 11 PFAS and T2DM at five time-points in 116 cases and 139 controls (3 pre- and 2 p...

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Main Authors: Vivian Berg, Dolley D. Charles, Sandra Huber, Therese H. Nøst, Torkjel M. Sandanger, Maria Averina, Ingvar A. Bergdahl, Mia M. Nilsen, Tom Wilsgaard, Charlotta Rylander
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05422-1
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author Vivian Berg
Dolley D. Charles
Sandra Huber
Therese H. Nøst
Torkjel M. Sandanger
Maria Averina
Ingvar A. Bergdahl
Mia M. Nilsen
Tom Wilsgaard
Charlotta Rylander
author_facet Vivian Berg
Dolley D. Charles
Sandra Huber
Therese H. Nøst
Torkjel M. Sandanger
Maria Averina
Ingvar A. Bergdahl
Mia M. Nilsen
Tom Wilsgaard
Charlotta Rylander
author_sort Vivian Berg
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We assessed temporal changes of PFAS and associations with T2DM over a period of 30 years in a nested case–control study with repeated measurements. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between 11 PFAS and T2DM at five time-points in 116 cases and 139 controls (3 pre- and 2 post-diagnostic time-points in cases). Mixed linear models were applied to assess if changes in PFAS were related to T2DM status. In the pre-diagnostic time-point T3 (2001), future cases had higher concentrations of PFHpA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFHpS compared to controls. In the post-diagnostic time point T5 (2015/16), PFNA and PFOS were higher in prevalent cases. PFHxS and PFHpS were positively associated with future T2DM at the pre-diagnostic time-point T3, whereas PFTrDA were inversely associated with future T2DM at T1 (1986/87) and prevalent T2DM at T4 (2007/8). Temporal changes in PFAS across the study period showed that cases experienced a greater increase in pre-diagnostic concentrations of PFHpA, PFTrDA, PFHxS and PFOSA, as well as a larger post-diagnostic decrease in PFOSA, compared to controls. This study is the first to show that temporal changes in PFAS are associated with T2DM status for certain PFAS, and associations between PFAS and T2DM vary according to sample year.
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spelling doaj-art-234f2eb9fe044bf3933ddcf63b1b9e292025-08-20T04:01:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-05422-1Temporal changes in per and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their associations with type 2 diabetesVivian Berg0Dolley D. Charles1Sandra Huber2Therese H. Nøst3Torkjel M. Sandanger4Maria Averina5Ingvar A. Bergdahl6Mia M. Nilsen7Tom Wilsgaard8Charlotta Rylander9Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of NorwayDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of NorwayDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North-NorwayDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of NorwayDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of NorwayDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North-NorwayDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå UniversityDepartment of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of NorwayDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of NorwayDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of NorwayAbstract We assessed temporal changes of PFAS and associations with T2DM over a period of 30 years in a nested case–control study with repeated measurements. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between 11 PFAS and T2DM at five time-points in 116 cases and 139 controls (3 pre- and 2 post-diagnostic time-points in cases). Mixed linear models were applied to assess if changes in PFAS were related to T2DM status. In the pre-diagnostic time-point T3 (2001), future cases had higher concentrations of PFHpA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFHpS compared to controls. In the post-diagnostic time point T5 (2015/16), PFNA and PFOS were higher in prevalent cases. PFHxS and PFHpS were positively associated with future T2DM at the pre-diagnostic time-point T3, whereas PFTrDA were inversely associated with future T2DM at T1 (1986/87) and prevalent T2DM at T4 (2007/8). Temporal changes in PFAS across the study period showed that cases experienced a greater increase in pre-diagnostic concentrations of PFHpA, PFTrDA, PFHxS and PFOSA, as well as a larger post-diagnostic decrease in PFOSA, compared to controls. This study is the first to show that temporal changes in PFAS are associated with T2DM status for certain PFAS, and associations between PFAS and T2DM vary according to sample year.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05422-1Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substancesType 2 diabetes mellitusTemporal changeProspective case–control studyRepeated measurementsPre- and post-diagnostic associations
spellingShingle Vivian Berg
Dolley D. Charles
Sandra Huber
Therese H. Nøst
Torkjel M. Sandanger
Maria Averina
Ingvar A. Bergdahl
Mia M. Nilsen
Tom Wilsgaard
Charlotta Rylander
Temporal changes in per and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their associations with type 2 diabetes
Scientific Reports
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Temporal change
Prospective case–control study
Repeated measurements
Pre- and post-diagnostic associations
title Temporal changes in per and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their associations with type 2 diabetes
title_full Temporal changes in per and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their associations with type 2 diabetes
title_fullStr Temporal changes in per and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their associations with type 2 diabetes
title_full_unstemmed Temporal changes in per and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their associations with type 2 diabetes
title_short Temporal changes in per and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their associations with type 2 diabetes
title_sort temporal changes in per and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their associations with type 2 diabetes
topic Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Temporal change
Prospective case–control study
Repeated measurements
Pre- and post-diagnostic associations
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05422-1
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