Immune System Perspective in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Research: A Focus on Monocytes and Macrophages

Monocytes and macrophages are crucial elements of the immune system, having various roles in tissue balance, inflammation, and conditions like stroke. They exhibit significant functional diversity, particularly evident in the M1 and M2 phenotypes and their marker characteristics. The functions of mo...

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Main Authors: Hang Hang, Lei Huang, Yuanhong Mao, Guofeng Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-02-01
Series:Brain Hemorrhages
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589238X24000639
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author Hang Hang
Lei Huang
Yuanhong Mao
Guofeng Wu
author_facet Hang Hang
Lei Huang
Yuanhong Mao
Guofeng Wu
author_sort Hang Hang
collection DOAJ
description Monocytes and macrophages are crucial elements of the immune system, having various roles in tissue balance, inflammation, and conditions like stroke. They exhibit significant functional diversity, particularly evident in the M1 and M2 phenotypes and their marker characteristics. The functions of monocytes and macrophages are crucial in stroke studies, notably those related to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ICH is the most severe type of stroke, characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal death, significantly increasing patient mortality and morbidity. Monocytes and macrophages play key roles in the inflammatory processes following ICH, participating in hematoma clearance and tissue repair. Despite their potential dual roles in the pathophysiology of ICH, involving both harmful and protective effects, the specific mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. This review summarizes the latest research progress on monocyte and macrophage subsets, with a particular focus on their contributions to ICH. It covers the relationships and differences between monocytes and macrophages, the functional diversity of macrophages, cell phenotypes and functions, regulatory mediators, gene expression and transcriptome analysis, and the clinical prognosis associated with blood monocyte counts. These research advancements aim to provide new insights for improving the diagnosis and treatment strategies for ICH.
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publisher KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
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series Brain Hemorrhages
spelling doaj-art-230bb42c0e9640689a1940e43e613f9d2025-08-20T02:02:12ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Brain Hemorrhages2589-238X2025-02-0161303710.1016/j.hest.2024.07.004Immune System Perspective in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Research: A Focus on Monocytes and MacrophagesHang Hang0Lei Huang1Yuanhong Mao2Guofeng Wu3Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR ChinaDepartments of Neurosurgery and Department Basic Sciences, Division of Physiology, Loma Linda University, CA, USADepartment of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR ChinaDepartment of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China; Corresponding author at: Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR ChinaMonocytes and macrophages are crucial elements of the immune system, having various roles in tissue balance, inflammation, and conditions like stroke. They exhibit significant functional diversity, particularly evident in the M1 and M2 phenotypes and their marker characteristics. The functions of monocytes and macrophages are crucial in stroke studies, notably those related to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ICH is the most severe type of stroke, characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal death, significantly increasing patient mortality and morbidity. Monocytes and macrophages play key roles in the inflammatory processes following ICH, participating in hematoma clearance and tissue repair. Despite their potential dual roles in the pathophysiology of ICH, involving both harmful and protective effects, the specific mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. This review summarizes the latest research progress on monocyte and macrophage subsets, with a particular focus on their contributions to ICH. It covers the relationships and differences between monocytes and macrophages, the functional diversity of macrophages, cell phenotypes and functions, regulatory mediators, gene expression and transcriptome analysis, and the clinical prognosis associated with blood monocyte counts. These research advancements aim to provide new insights for improving the diagnosis and treatment strategies for ICH.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589238X24000639Intracerebral HemorrhageImmune SystemMonocytesMacrophagesICH
spellingShingle Hang Hang
Lei Huang
Yuanhong Mao
Guofeng Wu
Immune System Perspective in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Research: A Focus on Monocytes and Macrophages
Brain Hemorrhages
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Immune System
Monocytes
Macrophages
ICH
title Immune System Perspective in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Research: A Focus on Monocytes and Macrophages
title_full Immune System Perspective in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Research: A Focus on Monocytes and Macrophages
title_fullStr Immune System Perspective in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Research: A Focus on Monocytes and Macrophages
title_full_unstemmed Immune System Perspective in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Research: A Focus on Monocytes and Macrophages
title_short Immune System Perspective in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Research: A Focus on Monocytes and Macrophages
title_sort immune system perspective in intracerebral hemorrhage research a focus on monocytes and macrophages
topic Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Immune System
Monocytes
Macrophages
ICH
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589238X24000639
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AT yuanhongmao immunesystemperspectiveinintracerebralhemorrhageresearchafocusonmonocytesandmacrophages
AT guofengwu immunesystemperspectiveinintracerebralhemorrhageresearchafocusonmonocytesandmacrophages