Redefining the Mode of HIV Transmission through Analysis of Risk Attribution among the Reported HIV Cases from 1993 to 2021 in Bhutan
Introduction. The detailed risk assessment of the diagnosed HIV cases in Bhutan is an opportunity to carry out the risk analysis to generate evidence of wherein, under what context, and in which population groups most new infections are occurring. The evidence collected will help to test the current...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | AIDS Research and Treatment |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2137164 |
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| author | Lekey Khandu Ngawang Choida Jurmi Drukpa Dolley Tsehring Sonam Wangdi |
| author_facet | Lekey Khandu Ngawang Choida Jurmi Drukpa Dolley Tsehring Sonam Wangdi |
| author_sort | Lekey Khandu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction. The detailed risk assessment of the diagnosed HIV cases in Bhutan is an opportunity to carry out the risk analysis to generate evidence of wherein, under what context, and in which population groups most new infections are occurring. The evidence collected will help to test the current assumption of Bhutan experiencing diffused and generalized HIV epidemic. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study using a quantitative method to assess the risk behavior of the diagnosed HIV cases from 1993 to 2019. The study also included secondary data analysis of those cases already captured by the routine case-based surveillance from 2020 to 2021. The data collection was done from 1 to 30 January 2022 in all the twenty districts of Bhutan. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the characteristics of the study population, and relationships were established using the Chi-square Test. We have sought ethics approval and obtained participants’ informed consent. Results. The risk attribution analysis showed that 81.94% of HIV infection among the reported HIV cases in Bhutan has occurred through high-risk heterosexuals and 8.88% through mother-to-child transmission, and parenteral transmission accounts for 1.58% and then 1.35% through homosexual. Of the 81.94% high-risk heterosexuals, 41.08% acquired through sex workers and clients of sex workers, 27.99% from HIV-infected persons, 12.64% from sex work, and 0.23% from injecting drug use. Conclusions. This study has shed some light on a gradual epidemic shift from the current perceived diffused and generalized to the concentrated epidemic among subpopulation groups like female sex workers and their clients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-22e7a921098344ea83ed49244d078ed1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-1259 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | AIDS Research and Treatment |
| spelling | doaj-art-22e7a921098344ea83ed49244d078ed12025-02-03T01:32:32ZengWileyAIDS Research and Treatment2090-12592022-01-01202210.1155/2022/2137164Redefining the Mode of HIV Transmission through Analysis of Risk Attribution among the Reported HIV Cases from 1993 to 2021 in BhutanLekey Khandu0Ngawang Choida1Jurmi Drukpa2Dolley Tsehring3Sonam Wangdi4National HIVHealth Information and Service CenterCommunity Health DepartmentNational HIVPolicy and Planning DivisionIntroduction. The detailed risk assessment of the diagnosed HIV cases in Bhutan is an opportunity to carry out the risk analysis to generate evidence of wherein, under what context, and in which population groups most new infections are occurring. The evidence collected will help to test the current assumption of Bhutan experiencing diffused and generalized HIV epidemic. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study using a quantitative method to assess the risk behavior of the diagnosed HIV cases from 1993 to 2019. The study also included secondary data analysis of those cases already captured by the routine case-based surveillance from 2020 to 2021. The data collection was done from 1 to 30 January 2022 in all the twenty districts of Bhutan. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the characteristics of the study population, and relationships were established using the Chi-square Test. We have sought ethics approval and obtained participants’ informed consent. Results. The risk attribution analysis showed that 81.94% of HIV infection among the reported HIV cases in Bhutan has occurred through high-risk heterosexuals and 8.88% through mother-to-child transmission, and parenteral transmission accounts for 1.58% and then 1.35% through homosexual. Of the 81.94% high-risk heterosexuals, 41.08% acquired through sex workers and clients of sex workers, 27.99% from HIV-infected persons, 12.64% from sex work, and 0.23% from injecting drug use. Conclusions. This study has shed some light on a gradual epidemic shift from the current perceived diffused and generalized to the concentrated epidemic among subpopulation groups like female sex workers and their clients.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2137164 |
| spellingShingle | Lekey Khandu Ngawang Choida Jurmi Drukpa Dolley Tsehring Sonam Wangdi Redefining the Mode of HIV Transmission through Analysis of Risk Attribution among the Reported HIV Cases from 1993 to 2021 in Bhutan AIDS Research and Treatment |
| title | Redefining the Mode of HIV Transmission through Analysis of Risk Attribution among the Reported HIV Cases from 1993 to 2021 in Bhutan |
| title_full | Redefining the Mode of HIV Transmission through Analysis of Risk Attribution among the Reported HIV Cases from 1993 to 2021 in Bhutan |
| title_fullStr | Redefining the Mode of HIV Transmission through Analysis of Risk Attribution among the Reported HIV Cases from 1993 to 2021 in Bhutan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Redefining the Mode of HIV Transmission through Analysis of Risk Attribution among the Reported HIV Cases from 1993 to 2021 in Bhutan |
| title_short | Redefining the Mode of HIV Transmission through Analysis of Risk Attribution among the Reported HIV Cases from 1993 to 2021 in Bhutan |
| title_sort | redefining the mode of hiv transmission through analysis of risk attribution among the reported hiv cases from 1993 to 2021 in bhutan |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2137164 |
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