Improved thermal stability and flame retardancy of soybean oil-based polyol rigid polyurethane foams modified with magnesium borate hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate
Abstract The concept of sustainable development has led to a growing research interest in bio-based flame-retardant polyurethane foams. These foams offer environmentally friendly, sustainable, and flame-retardant raw materials for the construction, automotive, and furniture industries. The 15 wt% so...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-07-01
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| author | Xu Zhang Qihong Guan Yueqi Wen Zhi Wang Hua Xie |
| author_facet | Xu Zhang Qihong Guan Yueqi Wen Zhi Wang Hua Xie |
| author_sort | Xu Zhang |
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| description | Abstract The concept of sustainable development has led to a growing research interest in bio-based flame-retardant polyurethane foams. These foams offer environmentally friendly, sustainable, and flame-retardant raw materials for the construction, automotive, and furniture industries. The 15 wt% soybean oil-based polyol rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF-S3A20B system) were modified with 20 wt% ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and homemade magnesium borate hydroxide (MgBO2(OH)). Thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis kinetic analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, cone calorimetry (CONE), morphological analysis, and smoke density (Ds) were employed to investigate the impact of MgBO2(OH) on the thermal stability and flame-retardant properties of the RPUF-S3A20B system. The results indicated that RPUF-S3A20B12.5 with 12.5 wt% MgBO2(OH) had better thermal stability and higher activation energy. In addition, its LOI was increased by 3.1% compared to RPUF-S3A20 without MgBO2(OH). The peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) of RPUF-S3A20B12.5 at a radiant flux of 25 kW/m2 were reduced by 45.8% and 35.0% compared with RPUF-S3A20. RPUF-S3A20B12.5 demonstrated the lowest smoke density (17.4 and 17.5) and highest light transmission (73.9% and 73.7%) in both flameless and flame conditions, indicating superior flame-retardant and smoke-suppression properties. These findings offered valuable insights for further research on synergistic flame-retardant systems in bio-based polyurethane foams. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-22dfed5bb7534bc98401e664b2c729ba2025-01-26T12:34:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-07-0114111910.1038/s41598-024-68465-wImproved thermal stability and flame retardancy of soybean oil-based polyol rigid polyurethane foams modified with magnesium borate hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphateXu Zhang0Qihong Guan1Yueqi Wen2Zhi Wang3Hua Xie4Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology, Shenyang Aerospace UniversityLiaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology, Shenyang Aerospace UniversityLiaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology, Shenyang Aerospace UniversityLiaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology, Shenyang Aerospace UniversityLiaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology, Shenyang Aerospace UniversityAbstract The concept of sustainable development has led to a growing research interest in bio-based flame-retardant polyurethane foams. These foams offer environmentally friendly, sustainable, and flame-retardant raw materials for the construction, automotive, and furniture industries. The 15 wt% soybean oil-based polyol rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF-S3A20B system) were modified with 20 wt% ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and homemade magnesium borate hydroxide (MgBO2(OH)). Thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis kinetic analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, cone calorimetry (CONE), morphological analysis, and smoke density (Ds) were employed to investigate the impact of MgBO2(OH) on the thermal stability and flame-retardant properties of the RPUF-S3A20B system. The results indicated that RPUF-S3A20B12.5 with 12.5 wt% MgBO2(OH) had better thermal stability and higher activation energy. In addition, its LOI was increased by 3.1% compared to RPUF-S3A20 without MgBO2(OH). The peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) of RPUF-S3A20B12.5 at a radiant flux of 25 kW/m2 were reduced by 45.8% and 35.0% compared with RPUF-S3A20. RPUF-S3A20B12.5 demonstrated the lowest smoke density (17.4 and 17.5) and highest light transmission (73.9% and 73.7%) in both flameless and flame conditions, indicating superior flame-retardant and smoke-suppression properties. These findings offered valuable insights for further research on synergistic flame-retardant systems in bio-based polyurethane foams.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68465-wPolyurethane foamAmmonium polyphosphateMagnesium borate hydroxideThermal stabilityFlame retardancy |
| spellingShingle | Xu Zhang Qihong Guan Yueqi Wen Zhi Wang Hua Xie Improved thermal stability and flame retardancy of soybean oil-based polyol rigid polyurethane foams modified with magnesium borate hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate Scientific Reports Polyurethane foam Ammonium polyphosphate Magnesium borate hydroxide Thermal stability Flame retardancy |
| title | Improved thermal stability and flame retardancy of soybean oil-based polyol rigid polyurethane foams modified with magnesium borate hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate |
| title_full | Improved thermal stability and flame retardancy of soybean oil-based polyol rigid polyurethane foams modified with magnesium borate hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate |
| title_fullStr | Improved thermal stability and flame retardancy of soybean oil-based polyol rigid polyurethane foams modified with magnesium borate hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improved thermal stability and flame retardancy of soybean oil-based polyol rigid polyurethane foams modified with magnesium borate hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate |
| title_short | Improved thermal stability and flame retardancy of soybean oil-based polyol rigid polyurethane foams modified with magnesium borate hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate |
| title_sort | improved thermal stability and flame retardancy of soybean oil based polyol rigid polyurethane foams modified with magnesium borate hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate |
| topic | Polyurethane foam Ammonium polyphosphate Magnesium borate hydroxide Thermal stability Flame retardancy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68465-w |
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