Semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels based on poly(methacrylic acid) and natural polymers gelatin, chitosan, and alginate, for potential biomedical applications
Hydrogels, known for their high hydration, porosity, and permeability, are widely studied for biomedical applications. This paper reports on semi-interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels composed of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) and natural polymers (gelatin, alginate, and chitosan), synthesized via...
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Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://mjcce.org.mk/index.php/MJCCE/article/view/2999 |
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| author | Vukasin Ugrinovic Andjela Radisavljevic Maja Markovic Vesna Panic Djordje Veljovic |
| author_facet | Vukasin Ugrinovic Andjela Radisavljevic Maja Markovic Vesna Panic Djordje Veljovic |
| author_sort | Vukasin Ugrinovic |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Hydrogels, known for their high hydration, porosity, and permeability, are widely studied for biomedical applications. This paper reports on semi-interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels composed of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) and natural polymers (gelatin, alginate, and chitosan), synthesized via thermally-induced free-radical polymerization. The resulting hydrogels were evaluated for their physicochemical, mechanical, and drug release properties. Characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and swelling capacity analysis, demonstrated effective integration of natural polymers within the PMA network and their impact on hydrogel performance. PMA's pH sensitivity, combined with natural polymers, supports its suitability for controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering. Mechanical testing showed that adding 40 wt% of gelatin significantly increased the compressive strength from 0.16 MPa in pristine PMA to 2.35 MPa for PMA/gelatin IPN hydrogel and increased the modulus from 0.006 to 0.027 MPa. Chitosan provided moderate mechanical improvements, while alginate showed limited effects at higher concentrations. Swelling analysis revealed that the addition of gelatin and alginate reduced the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR), suggesting denser crosslinking within the hydrogel matrix. Due to its pH-sensitive properties, chitosan had increased ESR at lower pH levels, showing potential for enhanced drug release modulation. Ciprofloxacin release studies demonstrated ESR-dependent drug release kinetics. These findings suggest that the incorporation of natural polymers, particularly gelatin, optimizes mechanical properties, pH-responsive swelling, and biocompatibility, making these hydrogels promising candidates for controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering applications.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-22b23a173f66435780a1e35b898eed5d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1857-5552 1857-5625 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-22b23a173f66435780a1e35b898eed5d2025-08-20T03:07:37ZengSociety of Chemists and Technologists of MacedoniaMacedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering1857-55521857-56252025-05-0144110.20450/mjcce.2025.2999Semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels based on poly(methacrylic acid) and natural polymers gelatin, chitosan, and alginate, for potential biomedical applicationsVukasin Ugrinovic0Andjela Radisavljevic1Maja Markovic2Vesna Panic3Djordje Veljovic4Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaInnovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaInnovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaInnovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Hydrogels, known for their high hydration, porosity, and permeability, are widely studied for biomedical applications. This paper reports on semi-interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels composed of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) and natural polymers (gelatin, alginate, and chitosan), synthesized via thermally-induced free-radical polymerization. The resulting hydrogels were evaluated for their physicochemical, mechanical, and drug release properties. Characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and swelling capacity analysis, demonstrated effective integration of natural polymers within the PMA network and their impact on hydrogel performance. PMA's pH sensitivity, combined with natural polymers, supports its suitability for controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering. Mechanical testing showed that adding 40 wt% of gelatin significantly increased the compressive strength from 0.16 MPa in pristine PMA to 2.35 MPa for PMA/gelatin IPN hydrogel and increased the modulus from 0.006 to 0.027 MPa. Chitosan provided moderate mechanical improvements, while alginate showed limited effects at higher concentrations. Swelling analysis revealed that the addition of gelatin and alginate reduced the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR), suggesting denser crosslinking within the hydrogel matrix. Due to its pH-sensitive properties, chitosan had increased ESR at lower pH levels, showing potential for enhanced drug release modulation. Ciprofloxacin release studies demonstrated ESR-dependent drug release kinetics. These findings suggest that the incorporation of natural polymers, particularly gelatin, optimizes mechanical properties, pH-responsive swelling, and biocompatibility, making these hydrogels promising candidates for controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. https://mjcce.org.mk/index.php/MJCCE/article/view/2999IPN hydrogelpoly (methacrylic acid)natural polymersdrug release |
| spellingShingle | Vukasin Ugrinovic Andjela Radisavljevic Maja Markovic Vesna Panic Djordje Veljovic Semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels based on poly(methacrylic acid) and natural polymers gelatin, chitosan, and alginate, for potential biomedical applications Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering IPN hydrogel poly (methacrylic acid) natural polymers drug release |
| title | Semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels based on poly(methacrylic acid) and natural polymers gelatin, chitosan, and alginate, for potential biomedical applications |
| title_full | Semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels based on poly(methacrylic acid) and natural polymers gelatin, chitosan, and alginate, for potential biomedical applications |
| title_fullStr | Semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels based on poly(methacrylic acid) and natural polymers gelatin, chitosan, and alginate, for potential biomedical applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels based on poly(methacrylic acid) and natural polymers gelatin, chitosan, and alginate, for potential biomedical applications |
| title_short | Semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels based on poly(methacrylic acid) and natural polymers gelatin, chitosan, and alginate, for potential biomedical applications |
| title_sort | semi interpenetrating network hydrogels based on poly methacrylic acid and natural polymers gelatin chitosan and alginate for potential biomedical applications |
| topic | IPN hydrogel poly (methacrylic acid) natural polymers drug release |
| url | https://mjcce.org.mk/index.php/MJCCE/article/view/2999 |
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