Optimizing Alfalfa-Fermented Green Juice (aFGJ) Preparation and Its Effects on Microbial Community and Nutrient Composition in Alfalfa Silage

To study the relationship between the microbial community structure and the quality of alfalfa silage by adding alfalfa-fermented green juice (aFGJ), the Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the process of preparing aFGJ. High-throughput sequence technology was used to detected the microbial comm...

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Main Authors: Ting Mao, Ze Ye, Yongyan Niu, Qun Zheng, Tao Yang, Zhiye Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Microbiology Research
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/2/52
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author Ting Mao
Ze Ye
Yongyan Niu
Qun Zheng
Tao Yang
Zhiye Wang
author_facet Ting Mao
Ze Ye
Yongyan Niu
Qun Zheng
Tao Yang
Zhiye Wang
author_sort Ting Mao
collection DOAJ
description To study the relationship between the microbial community structure and the quality of alfalfa silage by adding alfalfa-fermented green juice (aFGJ), the Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the process of preparing aFGJ. High-throughput sequence technology was used to detected the microbial community structure of aFGJ and silage samples, and two silage experiments were designed: silage with aFGJ (LZQC) and silage with no addition (CK). In addition, the chemical composition and fermentation quality of silage samples at different times were determined. The result showed that the optimal aFGJ culture condition for LAB quantity was an addition of 2.6% glucose to alfalfa green juice and an anaerobic culture at 35 °C for 49 h, and the number of viable bacteria can reach 8.0 × 10<sup>8</sup> cfu·mL<sup>−1</sup>. The main microorganisms (species level) were <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> (57.63%) and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (37.31%). There was a significant increase in the relative abundance of <i>Pediococcus. pentosaceus</i> and <i>L. plantarum</i> and a reduction in <i>L. brevis</i> after silage for 70 days with the added aFGJ; meanwhile, the chemical composition (DM losses, aNDF) and fermentation quality (pH, NH<sub>3</sub>-N/TN, LA) were significantly better than that of the CK group. The addition of aFGJ changed the types and abundance of microbial communities, increased the number of beneficial lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and decreased the number of harmful bacteria, which had a significant effect on the quality of the silage.
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spelling doaj-art-21b994aee8564409a7a8c8628253b68d2025-08-20T02:44:50ZengMDPI AGMicrobiology Research2036-74812025-02-011625210.3390/microbiolres16020052Optimizing Alfalfa-Fermented Green Juice (aFGJ) Preparation and Its Effects on Microbial Community and Nutrient Composition in Alfalfa SilageTing Mao0Ze Ye1Yongyan Niu2Qun Zheng3Tao Yang4Zhiye Wang5Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaTo study the relationship between the microbial community structure and the quality of alfalfa silage by adding alfalfa-fermented green juice (aFGJ), the Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the process of preparing aFGJ. High-throughput sequence technology was used to detected the microbial community structure of aFGJ and silage samples, and two silage experiments were designed: silage with aFGJ (LZQC) and silage with no addition (CK). In addition, the chemical composition and fermentation quality of silage samples at different times were determined. The result showed that the optimal aFGJ culture condition for LAB quantity was an addition of 2.6% glucose to alfalfa green juice and an anaerobic culture at 35 °C for 49 h, and the number of viable bacteria can reach 8.0 × 10<sup>8</sup> cfu·mL<sup>−1</sup>. The main microorganisms (species level) were <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> (57.63%) and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (37.31%). There was a significant increase in the relative abundance of <i>Pediococcus. pentosaceus</i> and <i>L. plantarum</i> and a reduction in <i>L. brevis</i> after silage for 70 days with the added aFGJ; meanwhile, the chemical composition (DM losses, aNDF) and fermentation quality (pH, NH<sub>3</sub>-N/TN, LA) were significantly better than that of the CK group. The addition of aFGJ changed the types and abundance of microbial communities, increased the number of beneficial lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and decreased the number of harmful bacteria, which had a significant effect on the quality of the silage.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/2/52alfalfa silagefermented green juicehigh-throughputBox–Behnken designfermentationlactic acid bacteria
spellingShingle Ting Mao
Ze Ye
Yongyan Niu
Qun Zheng
Tao Yang
Zhiye Wang
Optimizing Alfalfa-Fermented Green Juice (aFGJ) Preparation and Its Effects on Microbial Community and Nutrient Composition in Alfalfa Silage
Microbiology Research
alfalfa silage
fermented green juice
high-throughput
Box–Behnken design
fermentation
lactic acid bacteria
title Optimizing Alfalfa-Fermented Green Juice (aFGJ) Preparation and Its Effects on Microbial Community and Nutrient Composition in Alfalfa Silage
title_full Optimizing Alfalfa-Fermented Green Juice (aFGJ) Preparation and Its Effects on Microbial Community and Nutrient Composition in Alfalfa Silage
title_fullStr Optimizing Alfalfa-Fermented Green Juice (aFGJ) Preparation and Its Effects on Microbial Community and Nutrient Composition in Alfalfa Silage
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing Alfalfa-Fermented Green Juice (aFGJ) Preparation and Its Effects on Microbial Community and Nutrient Composition in Alfalfa Silage
title_short Optimizing Alfalfa-Fermented Green Juice (aFGJ) Preparation and Its Effects on Microbial Community and Nutrient Composition in Alfalfa Silage
title_sort optimizing alfalfa fermented green juice afgj preparation and its effects on microbial community and nutrient composition in alfalfa silage
topic alfalfa silage
fermented green juice
high-throughput
Box–Behnken design
fermentation
lactic acid bacteria
url https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/2/52
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