Assessing the Pathogenicity of <i>Berkeleyomyces rouxiae</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>vasinfectum</i> on Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) Using a Rapid and Robust Seedling Screening Method
Cotton (<i>Gossypium</i> spp.) is the most important fibre crop worldwide. Black root rot and Fusarium wilt are two major diseases of cotton caused by soil-borne <i>Berkeleyomyces rouxiae</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>vasinfectum</i> (<...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-10-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/10/715 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850206220339642368 |
|---|---|
| author | Andrew Chen Duy P. Le Linda J. Smith Dinesh Kafle Elizabeth A. B. Aitken Donald M. Gardiner |
| author_facet | Andrew Chen Duy P. Le Linda J. Smith Dinesh Kafle Elizabeth A. B. Aitken Donald M. Gardiner |
| author_sort | Andrew Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cotton (<i>Gossypium</i> spp.) is the most important fibre crop worldwide. Black root rot and Fusarium wilt are two major diseases of cotton caused by soil-borne <i>Berkeleyomyces rouxiae</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>vasinfectum</i> (<i>Fov</i>), respectively. Phenotyping plant symptoms caused by soil-borne pathogens has always been a challenge. To increase the uniformity of infection, we adapted a seedling screening method that directly uses liquid cultures to inoculate the plant roots and the soil. Four isolates, each of <i>B. rouxiae</i> and <i>Fov</i>, were collected from cotton fields in Australia and were characterised for virulence on cotton under controlled plant growth conditions. While the identities of all four <i>B. rouxiae</i> isolates were confirmed by multilocus sequencing, only two of them were found to be pathogenic on cotton, suggesting variability in the ability of isolates of this species to cause disease. The four <i>Fov</i> isolates were phylogenetically clustered together with the other Australian <i>Fov</i> isolates and displayed both external and internal symptoms characteristic of Fusarium wilt on cotton plants. Furthermore, the isolates appeared to induce varied levels of plant disease severity indicating differences in their virulence on cotton. To contrast the virulence of the <i>Fov</i> isolates, four putatively non-pathogenic <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> (<i>Fo</i>) isolates collected from cotton seedlings exhibiting atypical wilt symptoms were assessed for their ability to colonise cotton host. Despite the absence of <i>Secreted in Xylem</i> genes (<i>SIX6</i>, <i>SIX11</i>, <i>SIX13</i> and <i>SIX14</i>) characteristic of <i>Fov</i>, all four <i>Fo</i> isolates retained the ability to colonise cotton and induce wilt symptoms. This suggests that slightly virulent strains of <i>Fo</i> may contribute to the overall occurrence of Fusarium wilt in cotton fields. Findings from this study will allow better distinction to be made between plant pathogens and endophytes and allow fungal effectors underpinning pathogenicity to be explored. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-21a7d1909510498eba5c65c7f1719a8d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj-art-21a7d1909510498eba5c65c7f1719a8d2025-08-20T02:10:54ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2024-10-01101071510.3390/jof10100715Assessing the Pathogenicity of <i>Berkeleyomyces rouxiae</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>vasinfectum</i> on Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) Using a Rapid and Robust Seedling Screening MethodAndrew Chen0Duy P. Le1Linda J. Smith2Dinesh Kafle3Elizabeth A. B. Aitken4Donald M. Gardiner5School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaNew South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Narrabri, NSW 2390, AustraliaEcosciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, AustraliaEcosciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, AustraliaSchool of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaQueensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaCotton (<i>Gossypium</i> spp.) is the most important fibre crop worldwide. Black root rot and Fusarium wilt are two major diseases of cotton caused by soil-borne <i>Berkeleyomyces rouxiae</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>vasinfectum</i> (<i>Fov</i>), respectively. Phenotyping plant symptoms caused by soil-borne pathogens has always been a challenge. To increase the uniformity of infection, we adapted a seedling screening method that directly uses liquid cultures to inoculate the plant roots and the soil. Four isolates, each of <i>B. rouxiae</i> and <i>Fov</i>, were collected from cotton fields in Australia and were characterised for virulence on cotton under controlled plant growth conditions. While the identities of all four <i>B. rouxiae</i> isolates were confirmed by multilocus sequencing, only two of them were found to be pathogenic on cotton, suggesting variability in the ability of isolates of this species to cause disease. The four <i>Fov</i> isolates were phylogenetically clustered together with the other Australian <i>Fov</i> isolates and displayed both external and internal symptoms characteristic of Fusarium wilt on cotton plants. Furthermore, the isolates appeared to induce varied levels of plant disease severity indicating differences in their virulence on cotton. To contrast the virulence of the <i>Fov</i> isolates, four putatively non-pathogenic <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> (<i>Fo</i>) isolates collected from cotton seedlings exhibiting atypical wilt symptoms were assessed for their ability to colonise cotton host. Despite the absence of <i>Secreted in Xylem</i> genes (<i>SIX6</i>, <i>SIX11</i>, <i>SIX13</i> and <i>SIX14</i>) characteristic of <i>Fov</i>, all four <i>Fo</i> isolates retained the ability to colonise cotton and induce wilt symptoms. This suggests that slightly virulent strains of <i>Fo</i> may contribute to the overall occurrence of Fusarium wilt in cotton fields. Findings from this study will allow better distinction to be made between plant pathogens and endophytes and allow fungal effectors underpinning pathogenicity to be explored.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/10/715upland cottonpathogenicityfungal effectorsFusarium wiltblack root rot<i>Secreted in Xylem</i> effector genes |
| spellingShingle | Andrew Chen Duy P. Le Linda J. Smith Dinesh Kafle Elizabeth A. B. Aitken Donald M. Gardiner Assessing the Pathogenicity of <i>Berkeleyomyces rouxiae</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>vasinfectum</i> on Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) Using a Rapid and Robust Seedling Screening Method Journal of Fungi upland cotton pathogenicity fungal effectors Fusarium wilt black root rot <i>Secreted in Xylem</i> effector genes |
| title | Assessing the Pathogenicity of <i>Berkeleyomyces rouxiae</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>vasinfectum</i> on Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) Using a Rapid and Robust Seedling Screening Method |
| title_full | Assessing the Pathogenicity of <i>Berkeleyomyces rouxiae</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>vasinfectum</i> on Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) Using a Rapid and Robust Seedling Screening Method |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Pathogenicity of <i>Berkeleyomyces rouxiae</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>vasinfectum</i> on Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) Using a Rapid and Robust Seedling Screening Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Pathogenicity of <i>Berkeleyomyces rouxiae</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>vasinfectum</i> on Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) Using a Rapid and Robust Seedling Screening Method |
| title_short | Assessing the Pathogenicity of <i>Berkeleyomyces rouxiae</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>vasinfectum</i> on Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) Using a Rapid and Robust Seedling Screening Method |
| title_sort | assessing the pathogenicity of i berkeleyomyces rouxiae i and i fusarium oxysporum i f sp i vasinfectum i on cotton i gossypium hirsutum i using a rapid and robust seedling screening method |
| topic | upland cotton pathogenicity fungal effectors Fusarium wilt black root rot <i>Secreted in Xylem</i> effector genes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/10/715 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT andrewchen assessingthepathogenicityofiberkeleyomycesrouxiaeiandifusariumoxysporumifspivasinfectumioncottonigossypiumhirsutumiusingarapidandrobustseedlingscreeningmethod AT duyple assessingthepathogenicityofiberkeleyomycesrouxiaeiandifusariumoxysporumifspivasinfectumioncottonigossypiumhirsutumiusingarapidandrobustseedlingscreeningmethod AT lindajsmith assessingthepathogenicityofiberkeleyomycesrouxiaeiandifusariumoxysporumifspivasinfectumioncottonigossypiumhirsutumiusingarapidandrobustseedlingscreeningmethod AT dineshkafle assessingthepathogenicityofiberkeleyomycesrouxiaeiandifusariumoxysporumifspivasinfectumioncottonigossypiumhirsutumiusingarapidandrobustseedlingscreeningmethod AT elizabethabaitken assessingthepathogenicityofiberkeleyomycesrouxiaeiandifusariumoxysporumifspivasinfectumioncottonigossypiumhirsutumiusingarapidandrobustseedlingscreeningmethod AT donaldmgardiner assessingthepathogenicityofiberkeleyomycesrouxiaeiandifusariumoxysporumifspivasinfectumioncottonigossypiumhirsutumiusingarapidandrobustseedlingscreeningmethod |