Impacts of Land–Atmosphere Interactions on Boundary Layer Variables: A Classification Perspective from Modeling Approaches
Previously, the types of impacts of land–atmosphere interactions have scarcely been clarified systematically. In this article, we present a classification of these impacts based on modeling boundary layer variables/parameters, which is grouped into local, regional, and remote impacts. In the narrow...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-05-01
|
| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/6/650 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850251562252763136 |
|---|---|
| author | Xin-Min Zeng Congmin Li Ning Wang Irfan Ullah |
| author_facet | Xin-Min Zeng Congmin Li Ning Wang Irfan Ullah |
| author_sort | Xin-Min Zeng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Previously, the types of impacts of land–atmosphere interactions have scarcely been clarified systematically. In this article, we present a classification of these impacts based on modeling boundary layer variables/parameters, which is grouped into local, regional, and remote impacts. In the narrow sense, land surface processes (LSPs) influence the atmospheric state via vertical land–atmosphere coupling at local scales, which is referred to as local LSP impacts. However, local LSP impacts can lead to the advection effect due to the horizontal heterogeneity in the parameters over a region, which can be defined as regional LSP impacts. Furthermore, remote LSP impacts on the regional atmospheric state are induced by some land/sea surface variables/parameters over remote key areas of the Earth’s surface, which are conventionally taken as strong signals of climate variation. Of the three impacts, local impacts are the most important essential, as the other two types of impacts are derived from these impacts. We describe the quantification of local impacts based on our previous studies from the perspective of modeling approaches, and we discuss some issues related to these impacts. Previous investigations showed that local LSP impacts are mostly stronger than regional LSP impacts, e.g., the diabatic process is dominant in the physical processes responsible for daily maximum temperatures, and two first-order physical processes including vertical diffusion largely induce changes in surface wind speed in China. Finally, some aspects for future research are noted. This study provides insights into the research on land–atmosphre interactions at different scales. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2138f6b6b36d4967ac8a03372ac6e66d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-2138f6b6b36d4967ac8a03372ac6e66d2025-08-20T01:57:52ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332024-05-0115665010.3390/atmos15060650Impacts of Land–Atmosphere Interactions on Boundary Layer Variables: A Classification Perspective from Modeling ApproachesXin-Min Zeng0Congmin Li1Ning Wang2Irfan Ullah3College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaCollege of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaPreviously, the types of impacts of land–atmosphere interactions have scarcely been clarified systematically. In this article, we present a classification of these impacts based on modeling boundary layer variables/parameters, which is grouped into local, regional, and remote impacts. In the narrow sense, land surface processes (LSPs) influence the atmospheric state via vertical land–atmosphere coupling at local scales, which is referred to as local LSP impacts. However, local LSP impacts can lead to the advection effect due to the horizontal heterogeneity in the parameters over a region, which can be defined as regional LSP impacts. Furthermore, remote LSP impacts on the regional atmospheric state are induced by some land/sea surface variables/parameters over remote key areas of the Earth’s surface, which are conventionally taken as strong signals of climate variation. Of the three impacts, local impacts are the most important essential, as the other two types of impacts are derived from these impacts. We describe the quantification of local impacts based on our previous studies from the perspective of modeling approaches, and we discuss some issues related to these impacts. Previous investigations showed that local LSP impacts are mostly stronger than regional LSP impacts, e.g., the diabatic process is dominant in the physical processes responsible for daily maximum temperatures, and two first-order physical processes including vertical diffusion largely induce changes in surface wind speed in China. Finally, some aspects for future research are noted. This study provides insights into the research on land–atmosphre interactions at different scales.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/6/650land–atmosphere interactionsclassificationsurface air variablesprimitive equationsnumerical modeling |
| spellingShingle | Xin-Min Zeng Congmin Li Ning Wang Irfan Ullah Impacts of Land–Atmosphere Interactions on Boundary Layer Variables: A Classification Perspective from Modeling Approaches Atmosphere land–atmosphere interactions classification surface air variables primitive equations numerical modeling |
| title | Impacts of Land–Atmosphere Interactions on Boundary Layer Variables: A Classification Perspective from Modeling Approaches |
| title_full | Impacts of Land–Atmosphere Interactions on Boundary Layer Variables: A Classification Perspective from Modeling Approaches |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of Land–Atmosphere Interactions on Boundary Layer Variables: A Classification Perspective from Modeling Approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of Land–Atmosphere Interactions on Boundary Layer Variables: A Classification Perspective from Modeling Approaches |
| title_short | Impacts of Land–Atmosphere Interactions on Boundary Layer Variables: A Classification Perspective from Modeling Approaches |
| title_sort | impacts of land atmosphere interactions on boundary layer variables a classification perspective from modeling approaches |
| topic | land–atmosphere interactions classification surface air variables primitive equations numerical modeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/6/650 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xinminzeng impactsoflandatmosphereinteractionsonboundarylayervariablesaclassificationperspectivefrommodelingapproaches AT congminli impactsoflandatmosphereinteractionsonboundarylayervariablesaclassificationperspectivefrommodelingapproaches AT ningwang impactsoflandatmosphereinteractionsonboundarylayervariablesaclassificationperspectivefrommodelingapproaches AT irfanullah impactsoflandatmosphereinteractionsonboundarylayervariablesaclassificationperspectivefrommodelingapproaches |