Bismuth-Immobilized Optical Fiber-Based SPR Nanosensor for Detection of Zinc Nitrate Contamination in Aquaculture Industry
Zinc nitrate, a toxic substance usually found in industrial waste and agricultural residues, poses a serious threat to the aquaculture industry due to the poor water quality and harmful aquatic life. Effective monitoring of zinc nitrate contamination is essential to protect aquatic ecosystems and al...
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| Format: | Article |
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10715639/ |
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| author | Yesudasu Vasimalla Nasih Hma Salah Baljinder Kaur Hogr M. Rasul Chella Santhosh Ramachandran Balaji S.R. Srither Santosh Kumar |
| author_facet | Yesudasu Vasimalla Nasih Hma Salah Baljinder Kaur Hogr M. Rasul Chella Santhosh Ramachandran Balaji S.R. Srither Santosh Kumar |
| author_sort | Yesudasu Vasimalla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zinc nitrate, a toxic substance usually found in industrial waste and agricultural residues, poses a serious threat to the aquaculture industry due to the poor water quality and harmful aquatic life. Effective monitoring of zinc nitrate contamination is essential to protect aquatic ecosystems and also ensures the safety of aquaculture products. This study presents a bismuth-immobilized optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for the rapid detection of zinc nitrate contamination. The sensor design incorporates a ZBLAN core, NaF cladding, silver (Ag) as a plasmonic metal, and bismuth (Bi) to enhance detection sensitivity. In our work, we compared the sensor performance of the proposed bismuth-immobilized SPR biosensor with the conventional Ag-based sensor design. The performance of the proposed Ag-Bi sensor model is compared with the conventional Ag-based sensor. To improve the sensitivity and FOM, Ag layer thickness is varied between 50 and 80 nm with respect to the zinc nitrate concentrations of 0%, 1%, and 5%. Using the angular interrogation method, the resonance wavelength shifts are correlated to changes in refractive index (RI). The Bi-immobilized Ag layer achieved a maximum sensitivity of 5680 nm/RIU at 5% zinc nitrate concentration and an FOM of 95.2381 RIU<sup>−1</sup> at 1%. While conventional Ag-based sensors attained a maximum sensitivity of 5240 nm/RIU and an FOM of 90.345 RIU<sup>−1</sup> at 80 nm Ag thickness. The above results demonstrate that the Ag-Bi layer SPR biosensor is highly suitable for simultaneously detecting zinc nitrate and other heavy metal contaminants in water, providing a cost-effective solution for heavy metal contamination detection in aquatic industry. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-20daea6c5526435f84939ecea5be7b2f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2644-1292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-20daea6c5526435f84939ecea5be7b2f2025-01-24T00:02:28ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology2644-12922024-01-015808810.1109/OJNANO.2024.347986910715639Bismuth-Immobilized Optical Fiber-Based SPR Nanosensor for Detection of Zinc Nitrate Contamination in Aquaculture IndustryYesudasu Vasimalla0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5037-2318Nasih Hma Salah1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9168-6834Baljinder Kaur2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-4576Hogr M. Rasul3https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4606-4092Chella Santhosh4Ramachandran Balaji5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-2308S.R. Srither6Santosh Kumar7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-0096Centre of Excellence for Nanotechnology, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, IndiaDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, IraqDepartment of Physics, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science (MITS), Gwalior, IndiaDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, IraqCentre of Excellence for Nanotechnology, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, IndiaCentre of Excellence for Nanotechnology, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, IndiaCentre of Excellence for Nanotechnology, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, IndiaCentre of Excellence for Nanotechnology, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, IndiaZinc nitrate, a toxic substance usually found in industrial waste and agricultural residues, poses a serious threat to the aquaculture industry due to the poor water quality and harmful aquatic life. Effective monitoring of zinc nitrate contamination is essential to protect aquatic ecosystems and also ensures the safety of aquaculture products. This study presents a bismuth-immobilized optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for the rapid detection of zinc nitrate contamination. The sensor design incorporates a ZBLAN core, NaF cladding, silver (Ag) as a plasmonic metal, and bismuth (Bi) to enhance detection sensitivity. In our work, we compared the sensor performance of the proposed bismuth-immobilized SPR biosensor with the conventional Ag-based sensor design. The performance of the proposed Ag-Bi sensor model is compared with the conventional Ag-based sensor. To improve the sensitivity and FOM, Ag layer thickness is varied between 50 and 80 nm with respect to the zinc nitrate concentrations of 0%, 1%, and 5%. Using the angular interrogation method, the resonance wavelength shifts are correlated to changes in refractive index (RI). The Bi-immobilized Ag layer achieved a maximum sensitivity of 5680 nm/RIU at 5% zinc nitrate concentration and an FOM of 95.2381 RIU<sup>−1</sup> at 1%. While conventional Ag-based sensors attained a maximum sensitivity of 5240 nm/RIU and an FOM of 90.345 RIU<sup>−1</sup> at 80 nm Ag thickness. The above results demonstrate that the Ag-Bi layer SPR biosensor is highly suitable for simultaneously detecting zinc nitrate and other heavy metal contaminants in water, providing a cost-effective solution for heavy metal contamination detection in aquatic industry.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10715639/Optical fiber biosensorSPR biosensorzinc nitrate detectionresponsible consumption and productionzero hungergood health and well-being |
| spellingShingle | Yesudasu Vasimalla Nasih Hma Salah Baljinder Kaur Hogr M. Rasul Chella Santhosh Ramachandran Balaji S.R. Srither Santosh Kumar Bismuth-Immobilized Optical Fiber-Based SPR Nanosensor for Detection of Zinc Nitrate Contamination in Aquaculture Industry IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology Optical fiber biosensor SPR biosensor zinc nitrate detection responsible consumption and production zero hunger good health and well-being |
| title | Bismuth-Immobilized Optical Fiber-Based SPR Nanosensor for Detection of Zinc Nitrate Contamination in Aquaculture Industry |
| title_full | Bismuth-Immobilized Optical Fiber-Based SPR Nanosensor for Detection of Zinc Nitrate Contamination in Aquaculture Industry |
| title_fullStr | Bismuth-Immobilized Optical Fiber-Based SPR Nanosensor for Detection of Zinc Nitrate Contamination in Aquaculture Industry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bismuth-Immobilized Optical Fiber-Based SPR Nanosensor for Detection of Zinc Nitrate Contamination in Aquaculture Industry |
| title_short | Bismuth-Immobilized Optical Fiber-Based SPR Nanosensor for Detection of Zinc Nitrate Contamination in Aquaculture Industry |
| title_sort | bismuth immobilized optical fiber based spr nanosensor for detection of zinc nitrate contamination in aquaculture industry |
| topic | Optical fiber biosensor SPR biosensor zinc nitrate detection responsible consumption and production zero hunger good health and well-being |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10715639/ |
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