Transforming CCTV cameras into NO2 sensors at city scale for adaptive policymaking
Abstract Air pollution in cities, especially NO2, is linked to numerous health problems, ranging from mortality to mental health challenges and attention deficits in children. While cities globally have initiated policies to curtail emissions, real-time monitoring remains challenging due to limited...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86532-8 |
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| author | Mohamed R. Ibrahim Terry Lyons |
| author_facet | Mohamed R. Ibrahim Terry Lyons |
| author_sort | Mohamed R. Ibrahim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Air pollution in cities, especially NO2, is linked to numerous health problems, ranging from mortality to mental health challenges and attention deficits in children. While cities globally have initiated policies to curtail emissions, real-time monitoring remains challenging due to limited environmental sensors and their inconsistent distribution. This gap hinders the creation of adaptive urban policies that respond to the sequence of events and daily activities affecting pollution in cities. Here, we demonstrate how city CCTV cameras can act as a pseudo-NO2 sensors. Using a predictive graph deep model, we utilised traffic flow from London’s cameras in addition to environmental and spatial factors, generating NO2 predictions from over 133 million frames. Our analysis of London’s mobility patterns unveiled critical spatiotemporal connections, showing how specific traffic patterns affect NO2 levels, sometimes with temporal lags of up to 6 h. For instance, if trucks only drive at night, their effects on NO2 levels are most likely to be seen in the morning when people commute. These findings cast doubt on the efficacy of some of the urban policies currently being implemented to reduce pollution. By leveraging existing camera infrastructure and our introduced methods, city planners and policymakers could cost-effectively monitor and mitigate the impact of NO2 and other pollutants. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-205043fc5d824754b6a49ba00ef3851a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-205043fc5d824754b6a49ba00ef3851a2025-02-02T12:19:02ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-86532-8Transforming CCTV cameras into NO2 sensors at city scale for adaptive policymakingMohamed R. Ibrahim0Terry Lyons1The Alan Turing InstituteThe Alan Turing InstituteAbstract Air pollution in cities, especially NO2, is linked to numerous health problems, ranging from mortality to mental health challenges and attention deficits in children. While cities globally have initiated policies to curtail emissions, real-time monitoring remains challenging due to limited environmental sensors and their inconsistent distribution. This gap hinders the creation of adaptive urban policies that respond to the sequence of events and daily activities affecting pollution in cities. Here, we demonstrate how city CCTV cameras can act as a pseudo-NO2 sensors. Using a predictive graph deep model, we utilised traffic flow from London’s cameras in addition to environmental and spatial factors, generating NO2 predictions from over 133 million frames. Our analysis of London’s mobility patterns unveiled critical spatiotemporal connections, showing how specific traffic patterns affect NO2 levels, sometimes with temporal lags of up to 6 h. For instance, if trucks only drive at night, their effects on NO2 levels are most likely to be seen in the morning when people commute. These findings cast doubt on the efficacy of some of the urban policies currently being implemented to reduce pollution. By leveraging existing camera infrastructure and our introduced methods, city planners and policymakers could cost-effectively monitor and mitigate the impact of NO2 and other pollutants.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86532-8Air qualityComputer visionDeep learningEnvironmental analysisPolicy-makingCities |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed R. Ibrahim Terry Lyons Transforming CCTV cameras into NO2 sensors at city scale for adaptive policymaking Scientific Reports Air quality Computer vision Deep learning Environmental analysis Policy-making Cities |
| title | Transforming CCTV cameras into NO2 sensors at city scale for adaptive policymaking |
| title_full | Transforming CCTV cameras into NO2 sensors at city scale for adaptive policymaking |
| title_fullStr | Transforming CCTV cameras into NO2 sensors at city scale for adaptive policymaking |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transforming CCTV cameras into NO2 sensors at city scale for adaptive policymaking |
| title_short | Transforming CCTV cameras into NO2 sensors at city scale for adaptive policymaking |
| title_sort | transforming cctv cameras into no2 sensors at city scale for adaptive policymaking |
| topic | Air quality Computer vision Deep learning Environmental analysis Policy-making Cities |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86532-8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohamedribrahim transformingcctvcamerasintono2sensorsatcityscaleforadaptivepolicymaking AT terrylyons transformingcctvcamerasintono2sensorsatcityscaleforadaptivepolicymaking |