Intensification of Natural Disasters in the State of Pará and the Triggering Mechanisms Across the Eastern Amazon
Based on statistical analyses applied to official data from the Digital Atlas of Disasters in Brazil over the last 25 years, we evidenced a consistent intensification in the annual occurrence of natural disasters in the state of Pará, located in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. The quantitative compari...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Everaldo B. de Souza Douglas B. S. Ferreira Luciano J. S. Anjos Alan C. Cunha João Athaydes Silva Eliane C. Coutinho Adriano M. L. Sousa Paulo J. O. P. Souza Waleria P. Monteiro Correa Thaiane S. Silva Dias Alexandre M. C. do Carmo Carlos B. B. Gutierrez Giordani R. C. Sodré Aline M. M. Lima Edson J. P. Rocha Bergson C. Moraes Luciano P. Pezzi Tercio Ambrizzi |
| author_facet | Everaldo B. de Souza Douglas B. S. Ferreira Luciano J. S. Anjos Alan C. Cunha João Athaydes Silva Eliane C. Coutinho Adriano M. L. Sousa Paulo J. O. P. Souza Waleria P. Monteiro Correa Thaiane S. Silva Dias Alexandre M. C. do Carmo Carlos B. B. Gutierrez Giordani R. C. Sodré Aline M. M. Lima Edson J. P. Rocha Bergson C. Moraes Luciano P. Pezzi Tercio Ambrizzi |
| author_sort | Everaldo B. de Souza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Based on statistical analyses applied to official data from the Digital Atlas of Disasters in Brazil over the last 25 years, we evidenced a consistent intensification in the annual occurrence of natural disasters in the state of Pará, located in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. The quantitative comparison between the averages of the most intense period of disasters (2017 to 2023) and the earlier years (1999 to 2016) revealed a remarkable percentage increase of 473%. Approximately 81% of the state’s municipalities were affected, as indicated by disaster mapping. A clear seasonal pattern was observed, with Hydrological disasters (Inundations, Flash floods, and Heavy rainfall) peaking between February and May, while Climatological disasters (Droughts and Forest fires) were most frequent from August to October. The catastrophic impacts on people and the economy were documented, showing a significant rise in the number of homeless individuals and those directly affected, alongside considerable material damage and economic losses for both the public and private sectors. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive composite analysis on the tropical ocean–atmosphere dynamic structure that elucidated the various triggering mechanisms of disasters arising from Inundations, Droughts, and Forest fires (on seasonal scale), and Flash floods and Heavy rainfall (on sub-monthly scale) in Pará. The detailed characterization of disasters on a municipal scale is relevant in terms of the scientific contribution applied to the strategic decision-making, planning, and implementation of public policies aimed at early risk management (rather than post-disaster response), which is critical for safeguarding human well-being and strengthening the resilience of Amazonian communities vulnerable to climate change. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-202fe4ff6b5b437f8fc9e0f257cee890 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-202fe4ff6b5b437f8fc9e0f257cee8902025-01-24T13:21:40ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332024-12-01161710.3390/atmos16010007Intensification of Natural Disasters in the State of Pará and the Triggering Mechanisms Across the Eastern AmazonEveraldo B. de Souza0Douglas B. S. Ferreira1Luciano J. S. Anjos2Alan C. Cunha3João Athaydes Silva4Eliane C. Coutinho5Adriano M. L. Sousa6Paulo J. O. P. Souza7Waleria P. Monteiro Correa8Thaiane S. Silva Dias9Alexandre M. C. do Carmo10Carlos B. B. Gutierrez11Giordani R. C. Sodré12Aline M. M. Lima13Edson J. P. Rocha14Bergson C. Moraes15Luciano P. Pezzi16Tercio Ambrizzi17Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilInstituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém 66055-090, PA, BrazilInstituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilDepartamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá 68900-070, AP, BrazilInstituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilDepartment of Environment Engineering, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66095-015, PA, BrazilInstituto Sócio Ambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém 66077-830, PA, BrazilInstituto Sócio Ambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém 66077-830, PA, BrazilInstituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilInstituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilInstituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilDepartment of Environment Engineering, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66095-015, PA, BrazilInstituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilInstituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilCentro Gestor e Operacional do Sistema de Proteção da Amazônia, Belém 66617-420, PA, BrazilInstituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos 12227-010, SP, BrazilInstituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, SP, BrazilBased on statistical analyses applied to official data from the Digital Atlas of Disasters in Brazil over the last 25 years, we evidenced a consistent intensification in the annual occurrence of natural disasters in the state of Pará, located in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. The quantitative comparison between the averages of the most intense period of disasters (2017 to 2023) and the earlier years (1999 to 2016) revealed a remarkable percentage increase of 473%. Approximately 81% of the state’s municipalities were affected, as indicated by disaster mapping. A clear seasonal pattern was observed, with Hydrological disasters (Inundations, Flash floods, and Heavy rainfall) peaking between February and May, while Climatological disasters (Droughts and Forest fires) were most frequent from August to October. The catastrophic impacts on people and the economy were documented, showing a significant rise in the number of homeless individuals and those directly affected, alongside considerable material damage and economic losses for both the public and private sectors. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive composite analysis on the tropical ocean–atmosphere dynamic structure that elucidated the various triggering mechanisms of disasters arising from Inundations, Droughts, and Forest fires (on seasonal scale), and Flash floods and Heavy rainfall (on sub-monthly scale) in Pará. The detailed characterization of disasters on a municipal scale is relevant in terms of the scientific contribution applied to the strategic decision-making, planning, and implementation of public policies aimed at early risk management (rather than post-disaster response), which is critical for safeguarding human well-being and strengthening the resilience of Amazonian communities vulnerable to climate change.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/1/7extreme eventsdisaster mappingeastern Amazonclimate dynamicsENSOAtlantic SST patterns |
| spellingShingle | Everaldo B. de Souza Douglas B. S. Ferreira Luciano J. S. Anjos Alan C. Cunha João Athaydes Silva Eliane C. Coutinho Adriano M. L. Sousa Paulo J. O. P. Souza Waleria P. Monteiro Correa Thaiane S. Silva Dias Alexandre M. C. do Carmo Carlos B. B. Gutierrez Giordani R. C. Sodré Aline M. M. Lima Edson J. P. Rocha Bergson C. Moraes Luciano P. Pezzi Tercio Ambrizzi Intensification of Natural Disasters in the State of Pará and the Triggering Mechanisms Across the Eastern Amazon Atmosphere extreme events disaster mapping eastern Amazon climate dynamics ENSO Atlantic SST patterns |
| title | Intensification of Natural Disasters in the State of Pará and the Triggering Mechanisms Across the Eastern Amazon |
| title_full | Intensification of Natural Disasters in the State of Pará and the Triggering Mechanisms Across the Eastern Amazon |
| title_fullStr | Intensification of Natural Disasters in the State of Pará and the Triggering Mechanisms Across the Eastern Amazon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intensification of Natural Disasters in the State of Pará and the Triggering Mechanisms Across the Eastern Amazon |
| title_short | Intensification of Natural Disasters in the State of Pará and the Triggering Mechanisms Across the Eastern Amazon |
| title_sort | intensification of natural disasters in the state of para and the triggering mechanisms across the eastern amazon |
| topic | extreme events disaster mapping eastern Amazon climate dynamics ENSO Atlantic SST patterns |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/1/7 |
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