Inflammatory and nutritional indexes as predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a retrospective study

Background Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) have an elevated risk of adverse events and mortality. However, there is currently a lack of convenient and effective clinical tools to predict AKI risk in this population. The present study was conducted to creat...

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Main Authors: Huimin Li, Chuyue Qian, Jingda Huang, Mindan Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PeerJ Inc. 2025-08-01
Series:PeerJ
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Online Access:https://peerj.com/articles/19917.pdf
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author Huimin Li
Chuyue Qian
Jingda Huang
Mindan Sun
author_facet Huimin Li
Chuyue Qian
Jingda Huang
Mindan Sun
author_sort Huimin Li
collection DOAJ
description Background Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) have an elevated risk of adverse events and mortality. However, there is currently a lack of convenient and effective clinical tools to predict AKI risk in this population. The present study was conducted to create such tools containing inflammatory and nutritional indexes. Method Data from 720 adults diagnosed with IgAN by renal biopsy at the First Hospital of Jilin University were collected. They were randomly divided into a training set (n = 503) and a test set (n = 217) in a 7:3 ratio. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with backward selection were used to identify risk factors, resulting in multiple prediction models. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to simplify the model. The models were presented using nomograms, and their performances were evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve (AUC), Hosmer-Lemeshow test, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), calibration curves, and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA). Results Eleven risk factors related to IgAN with AKI were identified, including nephrotic syndrome (NS), T score from the Oxford histological classification, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 24-hour urinary protein quantification (24h-UPRO), C-reactive protein (CRP), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio (LCR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI). These factors contributed to the development of seven prediction models. ROC curves indicated good predictive performance for all models, with the full model performing best. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that six models fit well in the test set. DCA results demonstrated significant clinical benefits for all models. Conclusion CRP, SIRI, LMR, PLR, LCR, and PNI were identified as novel AKI predictors in patients with IgAN. A series of prediction models incorporating these factors were developed for better clinical applicability, with the full model performing the best.
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spelling doaj-art-1feb2e13563847309639b63fd8a466f02025-08-22T15:05:05ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592025-08-0113e1991710.7717/peerj.19917Inflammatory and nutritional indexes as predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a retrospective studyHuimin Li0Chuyue Qian1Jingda Huang2Mindan Sun3Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, ChinaBackground Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) have an elevated risk of adverse events and mortality. However, there is currently a lack of convenient and effective clinical tools to predict AKI risk in this population. The present study was conducted to create such tools containing inflammatory and nutritional indexes. Method Data from 720 adults diagnosed with IgAN by renal biopsy at the First Hospital of Jilin University were collected. They were randomly divided into a training set (n = 503) and a test set (n = 217) in a 7:3 ratio. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with backward selection were used to identify risk factors, resulting in multiple prediction models. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to simplify the model. The models were presented using nomograms, and their performances were evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve (AUC), Hosmer-Lemeshow test, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), calibration curves, and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA). Results Eleven risk factors related to IgAN with AKI were identified, including nephrotic syndrome (NS), T score from the Oxford histological classification, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 24-hour urinary protein quantification (24h-UPRO), C-reactive protein (CRP), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio (LCR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI). These factors contributed to the development of seven prediction models. ROC curves indicated good predictive performance for all models, with the full model performing best. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that six models fit well in the test set. DCA results demonstrated significant clinical benefits for all models. Conclusion CRP, SIRI, LMR, PLR, LCR, and PNI were identified as novel AKI predictors in patients with IgAN. A series of prediction models incorporating these factors were developed for better clinical applicability, with the full model performing the best.https://peerj.com/articles/19917.pdf Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN)Acute kidney injury (AKI)Nomogram modelsInflammatoryNutrition
spellingShingle Huimin Li
Chuyue Qian
Jingda Huang
Mindan Sun
Inflammatory and nutritional indexes as predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a retrospective study
PeerJ
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN)
Acute kidney injury (AKI)
Nomogram models
Inflammatory
Nutrition
title Inflammatory and nutritional indexes as predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a retrospective study
title_full Inflammatory and nutritional indexes as predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a retrospective study
title_fullStr Inflammatory and nutritional indexes as predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a retrospective study
title_full_unstemmed Inflammatory and nutritional indexes as predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a retrospective study
title_short Inflammatory and nutritional indexes as predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a retrospective study
title_sort inflammatory and nutritional indexes as predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with immunoglobulin a nephropathy a retrospective study
topic Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN)
Acute kidney injury (AKI)
Nomogram models
Inflammatory
Nutrition
url https://peerj.com/articles/19917.pdf
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