Association of Immune Nutrition Indices with the Risk of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure in the NHANES (1999–2018)

Association of Immune Nutrition Indices with the Risk of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure in the NHANES (1999–2018)

Background: Heart failure (HF) remains a global challenge with disappointing long-term outcomes. Malnutrition is prevalent in patients with HF and disrupts the equilibrium of immune and inflammatory responses, resulting in further deterioration of the HF. Novel indicators emerge a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Feifei Zhang, Yuetao Xie, Litian Liu, Huiliang Liu, Ohua Feng, Yingxiao Li, Yi Dang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IMR Press 2025-01-01
Series:Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
Subjects:
heart failure
all-cause mortality
cardiovascular mortality
immune
nutrition
inflammatory
Online Access:https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/26/1/10.31083/RCM25055
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