Towards an Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology
Thyroid nodules are accidentally found in up to 68% of people undergoing neck ultrasound (US) examination, and fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the current gold standard to discriminate between malignancy and benign lesions. Unfortunately, one-third of FNAs are classified as indeterminate, requiring...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/12/1506 |
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| author | Monia Bordoni Nairus Aboud Francesca Silvetti Augusto Taccaliti Giancarlo Balercia Gianmaria Salvio |
| author_facet | Monia Bordoni Nairus Aboud Francesca Silvetti Augusto Taccaliti Giancarlo Balercia Gianmaria Salvio |
| author_sort | Monia Bordoni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thyroid nodules are accidentally found in up to 68% of people undergoing neck ultrasound (US) examination, and fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the current gold standard to discriminate between malignancy and benign lesions. Unfortunately, one-third of FNAs are classified as indeterminate, requiring surgery for definitive diagnosis. This leads to high costs and health risks of unnecessary procedures, since malignancies are observed in less than half of operative specimens. This narrative review aims to describe the most innovative multi-omics approach techniques, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, aimed at making the preoperative evaluation of indeterminate thyroid nodules more accurate. The advantages and disadvantages of the techniques are described in detail, and a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis of the multi-omic approach is provided. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1efbb4e972d44ef2bfe2b5a9fa95cd29 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj-art-1efbb4e972d44ef2bfe2b5a9fa95cd292025-08-20T03:27:26ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-06-011512150610.3390/diagnostics15121506Towards an Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate CytologyMonia Bordoni0Nairus Aboud1Francesca Silvetti2Augusto Taccaliti3Giancarlo Balercia4Gianmaria Salvio5Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, ItalyThyroid nodules are accidentally found in up to 68% of people undergoing neck ultrasound (US) examination, and fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the current gold standard to discriminate between malignancy and benign lesions. Unfortunately, one-third of FNAs are classified as indeterminate, requiring surgery for definitive diagnosis. This leads to high costs and health risks of unnecessary procedures, since malignancies are observed in less than half of operative specimens. This narrative review aims to describe the most innovative multi-omics approach techniques, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, aimed at making the preoperative evaluation of indeterminate thyroid nodules more accurate. The advantages and disadvantages of the techniques are described in detail, and a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis of the multi-omic approach is provided.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/12/1506thyroid cancerfollicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear featuresfollicular adenomagenomicsproteomicsmetabolomics |
| spellingShingle | Monia Bordoni Nairus Aboud Francesca Silvetti Augusto Taccaliti Giancarlo Balercia Gianmaria Salvio Towards an Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology Diagnostics thyroid cancer follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features follicular adenoma genomics proteomics metabolomics |
| title | Towards an Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology |
| title_full | Towards an Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology |
| title_fullStr | Towards an Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Towards an Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology |
| title_short | Towards an Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology |
| title_sort | towards an integrated multi omic approach to improve the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology |
| topic | thyroid cancer follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features follicular adenoma genomics proteomics metabolomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/12/1506 |
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