Towards an Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology

Thyroid nodules are accidentally found in up to 68% of people undergoing neck ultrasound (US) examination, and fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the current gold standard to discriminate between malignancy and benign lesions. Unfortunately, one-third of FNAs are classified as indeterminate, requiring...

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Main Authors: Monia Bordoni, Nairus Aboud, Francesca Silvetti, Augusto Taccaliti, Giancarlo Balercia, Gianmaria Salvio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/12/1506
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author Monia Bordoni
Nairus Aboud
Francesca Silvetti
Augusto Taccaliti
Giancarlo Balercia
Gianmaria Salvio
author_facet Monia Bordoni
Nairus Aboud
Francesca Silvetti
Augusto Taccaliti
Giancarlo Balercia
Gianmaria Salvio
author_sort Monia Bordoni
collection DOAJ
description Thyroid nodules are accidentally found in up to 68% of people undergoing neck ultrasound (US) examination, and fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the current gold standard to discriminate between malignancy and benign lesions. Unfortunately, one-third of FNAs are classified as indeterminate, requiring surgery for definitive diagnosis. This leads to high costs and health risks of unnecessary procedures, since malignancies are observed in less than half of operative specimens. This narrative review aims to describe the most innovative multi-omics approach techniques, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, aimed at making the preoperative evaluation of indeterminate thyroid nodules more accurate. The advantages and disadvantages of the techniques are described in detail, and a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis of the multi-omic approach is provided.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2075-4418
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Diagnostics
spelling doaj-art-1efbb4e972d44ef2bfe2b5a9fa95cd292025-08-20T03:27:26ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-06-011512150610.3390/diagnostics15121506Towards an Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate CytologyMonia Bordoni0Nairus Aboud1Francesca Silvetti2Augusto Taccaliti3Giancarlo Balercia4Gianmaria Salvio5Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, ItalyThyroid nodules are accidentally found in up to 68% of people undergoing neck ultrasound (US) examination, and fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the current gold standard to discriminate between malignancy and benign lesions. Unfortunately, one-third of FNAs are classified as indeterminate, requiring surgery for definitive diagnosis. This leads to high costs and health risks of unnecessary procedures, since malignancies are observed in less than half of operative specimens. This narrative review aims to describe the most innovative multi-omics approach techniques, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, aimed at making the preoperative evaluation of indeterminate thyroid nodules more accurate. The advantages and disadvantages of the techniques are described in detail, and a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis of the multi-omic approach is provided.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/12/1506thyroid cancerfollicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear featuresfollicular adenomagenomicsproteomicsmetabolomics
spellingShingle Monia Bordoni
Nairus Aboud
Francesca Silvetti
Augusto Taccaliti
Giancarlo Balercia
Gianmaria Salvio
Towards an Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology
Diagnostics
thyroid cancer
follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features
follicular adenoma
genomics
proteomics
metabolomics
title Towards an Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology
title_full Towards an Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology
title_fullStr Towards an Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology
title_full_unstemmed Towards an Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology
title_short Towards an Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology
title_sort towards an integrated multi omic approach to improve the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology
topic thyroid cancer
follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features
follicular adenoma
genomics
proteomics
metabolomics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/12/1506
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