Isolation and Structural Identification of New Diol Esters of Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin-1 from the Cultured <i>Prorocentrum lima</i>
<i>Prorocentrum</i>, a dinoflagellate responsible for producing diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, poses significant threats to marine ecosystems, aquaculture industries, and human health. DSP toxins, including okadaic acid (OA), dinophysis toxin (DTX), and their diverse deriva...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Yeong Kwang Ji Semin Moon Sangbum Lee Yun Na Kim Eun Ju Jeong Jung-Rae Rho |
| author_facet | Yeong Kwang Ji Semin Moon Sangbum Lee Yun Na Kim Eun Ju Jeong Jung-Rae Rho |
| author_sort | Yeong Kwang Ji |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Prorocentrum</i>, a dinoflagellate responsible for producing diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, poses significant threats to marine ecosystems, aquaculture industries, and human health. DSP toxins, including okadaic acid (OA), dinophysis toxin (DTX), and their diverse derivatives, continue to be identified and characterized. In this study, we report the isolation of four new diol esters of OA/DTX-1 from large-scale cultures of <i>Prorocentrum lima</i>. Their chemical structures were elucidated through comprehensive NMR and MS analyses, along with structural comparisons with the well-known OA. Notably, compound <b>1</b> featured an additional ester group within the diol unit, while compound <b>2</b> was revealed to be a C11 diol ester. The cytotoxicity of these newly isolated derivatives was evaluated against three cell lines: Neuro2a (mouse), HCT116 (human), and HepG2 (human). All diol esters exhibited cytotoxic effects, with compound <b>3</b> displaying toxicity comparable to OA. These results expand our understanding of DSP toxin diversity and provide valuable insight into the structural variations and biological activity of diol esters of OA/DTX-1. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj-art-1ecb77fd501a4aeabca095da1dee6b972025-01-24T13:51:15ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512025-01-011712810.3390/toxins17010028Isolation and Structural Identification of New Diol Esters of Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin-1 from the Cultured <i>Prorocentrum lima</i>Yeong Kwang Ji0Semin Moon1Sangbum Lee2Yun Na Kim3Eun Ju Jeong4Jung-Rae Rho5Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan 54150, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan 54150, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan 54150, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Plant & Biomaterials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Plant & Biomaterials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea<i>Prorocentrum</i>, a dinoflagellate responsible for producing diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, poses significant threats to marine ecosystems, aquaculture industries, and human health. DSP toxins, including okadaic acid (OA), dinophysis toxin (DTX), and their diverse derivatives, continue to be identified and characterized. In this study, we report the isolation of four new diol esters of OA/DTX-1 from large-scale cultures of <i>Prorocentrum lima</i>. Their chemical structures were elucidated through comprehensive NMR and MS analyses, along with structural comparisons with the well-known OA. Notably, compound <b>1</b> featured an additional ester group within the diol unit, while compound <b>2</b> was revealed to be a C11 diol ester. The cytotoxicity of these newly isolated derivatives was evaluated against three cell lines: Neuro2a (mouse), HCT116 (human), and HepG2 (human). All diol esters exhibited cytotoxic effects, with compound <b>3</b> displaying toxicity comparable to OA. These results expand our understanding of DSP toxin diversity and provide valuable insight into the structural variations and biological activity of diol esters of OA/DTX-1.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/1/28<i>Prorocentrum lima</i>diol estercytotoxicity evaluationdiol diester derivative |
| spellingShingle | Yeong Kwang Ji Semin Moon Sangbum Lee Yun Na Kim Eun Ju Jeong Jung-Rae Rho Isolation and Structural Identification of New Diol Esters of Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin-1 from the Cultured <i>Prorocentrum lima</i> Toxins <i>Prorocentrum lima</i> diol ester cytotoxicity evaluation diol diester derivative |
| title | Isolation and Structural Identification of New Diol Esters of Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin-1 from the Cultured <i>Prorocentrum lima</i> |
| title_full | Isolation and Structural Identification of New Diol Esters of Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin-1 from the Cultured <i>Prorocentrum lima</i> |
| title_fullStr | Isolation and Structural Identification of New Diol Esters of Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin-1 from the Cultured <i>Prorocentrum lima</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isolation and Structural Identification of New Diol Esters of Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin-1 from the Cultured <i>Prorocentrum lima</i> |
| title_short | Isolation and Structural Identification of New Diol Esters of Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin-1 from the Cultured <i>Prorocentrum lima</i> |
| title_sort | isolation and structural identification of new diol esters of okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin 1 from the cultured i prorocentrum lima i |
| topic | <i>Prorocentrum lima</i> diol ester cytotoxicity evaluation diol diester derivative |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/1/28 |
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