Risk factors and outcomes of vitamin D deficiency in very preterm infants
Background: Vitamin D is essential for bone health and immune system. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) poses a high-risk to very preterm (VP) infants. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with VDD in VP infants and its potential clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Pediatrics and Neonatology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957224000731 |
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| author | Hannah Cho Yoon Lee Saelin Oh Ju Sun Heo |
| author_facet | Hannah Cho Yoon Lee Saelin Oh Ju Sun Heo |
| author_sort | Hannah Cho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Vitamin D is essential for bone health and immune system. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) poses a high-risk to very preterm (VP) infants. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with VDD in VP infants and its potential clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on VP infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a specialized tertiary hospital in Seoul, Republic of Korea, between January 2018 and June 2022. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and other biochemical parameters were measured between 4 and 6 weeks of age. VDD was defined as a serum 25(OH)D level <20 ng/mL. Prenatal and postnatal risk factors and clinical outcomes were compared between the VDD and non-VDD groups. Results: Of the 82 VP infants analyzed, 27 (32.9%) were diagnosed with VDD. The VDD group exhibited a significantly longer duration of parenteral nutrition (PN) compared to the non-VDD group (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.008–1.245). Breast milk intake was lower in the VDD group than in the non-VDD group (adjusted OR = 0.976, 95% CI, 0.955–0.999). Notably, calcium levels were significantly lower in the VDD group, while parathyroid hormone levels were significantly higher, compared with the non-VDD group. Additionally, the rickets severity score was higher in the VDD group than in the non-VDD, although the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Prolonged PN duration and low breast milk intake significantly increased the risk of VDD in VP infants. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1ec3f1d0f24049ab9f68f7cecc58286f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1875-9572 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Pediatrics and Neonatology |
| spelling | doaj-art-1ec3f1d0f24049ab9f68f7cecc58286f2025-01-25T04:11:03ZengElsevierPediatrics and Neonatology1875-95722025-01-016613136Risk factors and outcomes of vitamin D deficiency in very preterm infantsHannah Cho0Yoon Lee1Saelin Oh2Ju Sun Heo3Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.Background: Vitamin D is essential for bone health and immune system. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) poses a high-risk to very preterm (VP) infants. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with VDD in VP infants and its potential clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on VP infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a specialized tertiary hospital in Seoul, Republic of Korea, between January 2018 and June 2022. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and other biochemical parameters were measured between 4 and 6 weeks of age. VDD was defined as a serum 25(OH)D level <20 ng/mL. Prenatal and postnatal risk factors and clinical outcomes were compared between the VDD and non-VDD groups. Results: Of the 82 VP infants analyzed, 27 (32.9%) were diagnosed with VDD. The VDD group exhibited a significantly longer duration of parenteral nutrition (PN) compared to the non-VDD group (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.008–1.245). Breast milk intake was lower in the VDD group than in the non-VDD group (adjusted OR = 0.976, 95% CI, 0.955–0.999). Notably, calcium levels were significantly lower in the VDD group, while parathyroid hormone levels were significantly higher, compared with the non-VDD group. Additionally, the rickets severity score was higher in the VDD group than in the non-VDD, although the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Prolonged PN duration and low breast milk intake significantly increased the risk of VDD in VP infants.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957224000731Breast milkParenteral nutritionPreterm infantVitamin D deficiency |
| spellingShingle | Hannah Cho Yoon Lee Saelin Oh Ju Sun Heo Risk factors and outcomes of vitamin D deficiency in very preterm infants Pediatrics and Neonatology Breast milk Parenteral nutrition Preterm infant Vitamin D deficiency |
| title | Risk factors and outcomes of vitamin D deficiency in very preterm infants |
| title_full | Risk factors and outcomes of vitamin D deficiency in very preterm infants |
| title_fullStr | Risk factors and outcomes of vitamin D deficiency in very preterm infants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors and outcomes of vitamin D deficiency in very preterm infants |
| title_short | Risk factors and outcomes of vitamin D deficiency in very preterm infants |
| title_sort | risk factors and outcomes of vitamin d deficiency in very preterm infants |
| topic | Breast milk Parenteral nutrition Preterm infant Vitamin D deficiency |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957224000731 |
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