The effect of postural orientation on body composition and total body water estimates produced by smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis: an intra- and inter-device evaluation
Advances in wearable technologies now allow modern smartwatches to collect body composition estimates through bioelectrical impedance techniques embedded within their design. However, this technique is susceptible to increased measurement error when postural changes alter body fluid distribution. Th...
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2024-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2024-0010 |
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| author | Vallecillo-Bustos Anabelle Compton Abby T. Swafford Sydney H. Renna Megan E. Thorsen Tanner Stavres Jon Graybeal Austin J. |
| author_facet | Vallecillo-Bustos Anabelle Compton Abby T. Swafford Sydney H. Renna Megan E. Thorsen Tanner Stavres Jon Graybeal Austin J. |
| author_sort | Vallecillo-Bustos Anabelle |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Advances in wearable technologies now allow modern smartwatches to collect body composition estimates through bioelectrical impedance techniques embedded within their design. However, this technique is susceptible to increased measurement error when postural changes alter body fluid distribution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of postural orientation on body composition and total body water (TBW) estimates produced by smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis (SWBIA) and determine its agreement with criterion measures. For this cross-sectional evaluation, 117 (age: 21.4±3.0 y; BMI: 25.3±5.7 kg/m2) participants (F:69, M:48) completed SWBIA measurements while in the seated, standing, and supine positions, then underwent criterion dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) assessments. In the combined sample and females, body fat percent, fat mass, and fat-free mass using SWBIA were significantly different between the supine and standing positions (all p<0.001), though group level agreement with DXA was similar across positions. Supine SWBIA TBW estimates were significantly different between seated and standing estimates (all p≤0.026), but further analyses revealed that this was driven by the supine and seated differences observed in females (p=0.003). SWBIA TBW demonstrated similar group and individual level agreement with BIS across body positions with slight improvements observed during seated and supine assessments for females and males, respectively. SWBIA may demonstrate slight intra- and inter-device differences in body composition and TBW when measured across postural orientations, though further evaluations in external/clinical samples are necessary. While sex/position-specific guidelines may improve precision, these findings highlight the importance of standardized body positioning when using SWBIA. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1daadeca704245aebe94bee13fe90542 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1891-5469 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-08-01 |
| publisher | Sciendo |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance |
| spelling | doaj-art-1daadeca704245aebe94bee13fe905422025-01-20T11:09:56ZengSciendoJournal of Electrical Bioimpedance1891-54692024-08-01151899810.2478/joeb-2024-0010The effect of postural orientation on body composition and total body water estimates produced by smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis: an intra- and inter-device evaluationVallecillo-Bustos Anabelle0Compton Abby T.1Swafford Sydney H.2Renna Megan E.3Thorsen Tanner4Stavres Jon5Graybeal Austin J.61School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA1School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA1School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA2School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA1School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA1School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA1School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USAAdvances in wearable technologies now allow modern smartwatches to collect body composition estimates through bioelectrical impedance techniques embedded within their design. However, this technique is susceptible to increased measurement error when postural changes alter body fluid distribution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of postural orientation on body composition and total body water (TBW) estimates produced by smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis (SWBIA) and determine its agreement with criterion measures. For this cross-sectional evaluation, 117 (age: 21.4±3.0 y; BMI: 25.3±5.7 kg/m2) participants (F:69, M:48) completed SWBIA measurements while in the seated, standing, and supine positions, then underwent criterion dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) assessments. In the combined sample and females, body fat percent, fat mass, and fat-free mass using SWBIA were significantly different between the supine and standing positions (all p<0.001), though group level agreement with DXA was similar across positions. Supine SWBIA TBW estimates were significantly different between seated and standing estimates (all p≤0.026), but further analyses revealed that this was driven by the supine and seated differences observed in females (p=0.003). SWBIA TBW demonstrated similar group and individual level agreement with BIS across body positions with slight improvements observed during seated and supine assessments for females and males, respectively. SWBIA may demonstrate slight intra- and inter-device differences in body composition and TBW when measured across postural orientations, though further evaluations in external/clinical samples are necessary. While sex/position-specific guidelines may improve precision, these findings highlight the importance of standardized body positioning when using SWBIA.https://doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2024-0010wearablessmartwatchdigital healthsensorsbody compositionbody waterdigital anthropometrics |
| spellingShingle | Vallecillo-Bustos Anabelle Compton Abby T. Swafford Sydney H. Renna Megan E. Thorsen Tanner Stavres Jon Graybeal Austin J. The effect of postural orientation on body composition and total body water estimates produced by smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis: an intra- and inter-device evaluation Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance wearables smartwatch digital health sensors body composition body water digital anthropometrics |
| title | The effect of postural orientation on body composition and total body water estimates produced by smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis: an intra- and inter-device evaluation |
| title_full | The effect of postural orientation on body composition and total body water estimates produced by smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis: an intra- and inter-device evaluation |
| title_fullStr | The effect of postural orientation on body composition and total body water estimates produced by smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis: an intra- and inter-device evaluation |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of postural orientation on body composition and total body water estimates produced by smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis: an intra- and inter-device evaluation |
| title_short | The effect of postural orientation on body composition and total body water estimates produced by smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis: an intra- and inter-device evaluation |
| title_sort | effect of postural orientation on body composition and total body water estimates produced by smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis an intra and inter device evaluation |
| topic | wearables smartwatch digital health sensors body composition body water digital anthropometrics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2024-0010 |
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