Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of New Amide Compounds Containing Azo Group Using Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as Coupling Agent
A series of amide compounds (A2D1-A2D6) were synthesized based on sulfathiazole by converting it to diazonium salt using NaNO2 and concentrated HCl via diazotization reaction. This reaction was followed by coupling reaction with vanillic acid in alkaline medium to generated azo compound 4-hydroxy-3-...
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Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Indonesian Journal of Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/92305 |
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| author | Dania Mohammed Saleh Bushra Kamel Al-Salami |
| author_facet | Dania Mohammed Saleh Bushra Kamel Al-Salami |
| author_sort | Dania Mohammed Saleh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A series of amide compounds (A2D1-A2D6) were synthesized based on sulfathiazole by converting it to diazonium salt using NaNO2 and concentrated HCl via diazotization reaction. This reaction was followed by coupling reaction with vanillic acid in alkaline medium to generated azo compound 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-((4-(N-(thiazol-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)diazenyl)-benzoic acid (A2). Compound A2 was reacted with substituted aromatic amines such as 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyridine, sulfamerazine, sulfadiazine, sulfanilamide, sulfathiazole, and sulfanilic acid to form corresponding amides using DCC as coupling reagent to be promoted condensation reaction. The structures of synthesized compounds have been diagnosed with elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activities for all new synthetic compounds was estimated accurately depending on selected bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) using different concentrations to calculate minimum inhibition concentration. The effectiveness of inhibiting fungi was also studied against Candida albicans by agar diffusion method. Finally, the antioxidant capacities of the prepared compounds were determined by using DPPH radical scavenging method. The results of potential radical scavenging activity were given as IC50. The compounds showed strong biological activity and good antioxidant activity compared with the standard substance Vitamin C. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1d9cc064d5254649b24f0b6ef6e88bcd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1411-9420 2460-1578 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indonesian Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-1d9cc064d5254649b24f0b6ef6e88bcd2025-02-03T04:32:43ZengDepartment of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah MadaIndonesian Journal of Chemistry1411-94202460-15782025-01-0125111210.22146/ijc.9230536637Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of New Amide Compounds Containing Azo Group Using Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as Coupling AgentDania Mohammed Saleh0Bushra Kamel Al-Salami1Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, P.O. Box 781, Basrah, IraqDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, P.O. Box 781, Basrah, IraqA series of amide compounds (A2D1-A2D6) were synthesized based on sulfathiazole by converting it to diazonium salt using NaNO2 and concentrated HCl via diazotization reaction. This reaction was followed by coupling reaction with vanillic acid in alkaline medium to generated azo compound 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-((4-(N-(thiazol-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)diazenyl)-benzoic acid (A2). Compound A2 was reacted with substituted aromatic amines such as 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyridine, sulfamerazine, sulfadiazine, sulfanilamide, sulfathiazole, and sulfanilic acid to form corresponding amides using DCC as coupling reagent to be promoted condensation reaction. The structures of synthesized compounds have been diagnosed with elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activities for all new synthetic compounds was estimated accurately depending on selected bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) using different concentrations to calculate minimum inhibition concentration. The effectiveness of inhibiting fungi was also studied against Candida albicans by agar diffusion method. Finally, the antioxidant capacities of the prepared compounds were determined by using DPPH radical scavenging method. The results of potential radical scavenging activity were given as IC50. The compounds showed strong biological activity and good antioxidant activity compared with the standard substance Vitamin C.https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/92305antimicrobialazodccsulfathiazolevanillic acid |
| spellingShingle | Dania Mohammed Saleh Bushra Kamel Al-Salami Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of New Amide Compounds Containing Azo Group Using Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as Coupling Agent Indonesian Journal of Chemistry antimicrobial azo dcc sulfathiazole vanillic acid |
| title | Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of New Amide Compounds Containing Azo Group Using Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as Coupling Agent |
| title_full | Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of New Amide Compounds Containing Azo Group Using Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as Coupling Agent |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of New Amide Compounds Containing Azo Group Using Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as Coupling Agent |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of New Amide Compounds Containing Azo Group Using Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as Coupling Agent |
| title_short | Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of New Amide Compounds Containing Azo Group Using Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as Coupling Agent |
| title_sort | antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of new amide compounds containing azo group using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide dcc as coupling agent |
| topic | antimicrobial azo dcc sulfathiazole vanillic acid |
| url | https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/92305 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT daniamohammedsaleh antioxidantandantimicrobialactivityofnewamidecompoundscontainingazogroupusingdicyclohexylcarbodiimidedccascouplingagent AT bushrakamelalsalami antioxidantandantimicrobialactivityofnewamidecompoundscontainingazogroupusingdicyclohexylcarbodiimidedccascouplingagent |