Studies on the High-Power Piezoelectric Property Measurement Methods and Decoupling the Power and Temperature Effects on PZT-5H
For those piezoelectric materials that operate under high-power conditions, the piezoelectric and dielectric properties obtained under small signal conditions cannot be directly applied to high-power transducers. There are three mainstream high-power characterization methods: the constant voltage me...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Wenchao Xue Xiaobo Wang Yuliang Zhu Chengtao Luo |
| author_facet | Wenchao Xue Xiaobo Wang Yuliang Zhu Chengtao Luo |
| author_sort | Wenchao Xue |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For those piezoelectric materials that operate under high-power conditions, the piezoelectric and dielectric properties obtained under small signal conditions cannot be directly applied to high-power transducers. There are three mainstream high-power characterization methods: the constant voltage method, the constant current method, and the transient method. In this study, we developed and verified a combined impedance method that integrated the advantages of the constant voltage and current methods, along with an improved transient method, for high-power testing of PZT-5H piezoelectric ceramics. The results from both methods indicated that with increasing power, the electromechanical coupling coefficient <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>31</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> , the piezoelectric constant <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>31</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and the elastic compliance <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>11</mn></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of the PZT-5H showed increasing trends, while the mechanical quality factor <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> first decayed rapidly and then stabilized at a fixed level. Additionally, under the combined impedance method, the temperature of the vibrators rose significantly due to self-heating, whereas the transient method generated almost no heat, and the vibrators remained at room temperature. By comparing the results from the two methods, we decoupled the effects of temperature and power on the high-power piezoelectric performance. The results showed that the self-heating temperature amplified the effects of power on <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>31</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>31</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>11</mn></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, while its influence on <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> remained negligible. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1d4f6027aca64d2fae7df703053f0465 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-1d4f6027aca64d2fae7df703053f04652025-01-24T13:48:36ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-01-0125234910.3390/s25020349Studies on the High-Power Piezoelectric Property Measurement Methods and Decoupling the Power and Temperature Effects on PZT-5HWenchao Xue0Xiaobo Wang1Yuliang Zhu2Chengtao Luo3School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaFor those piezoelectric materials that operate under high-power conditions, the piezoelectric and dielectric properties obtained under small signal conditions cannot be directly applied to high-power transducers. There are three mainstream high-power characterization methods: the constant voltage method, the constant current method, and the transient method. In this study, we developed and verified a combined impedance method that integrated the advantages of the constant voltage and current methods, along with an improved transient method, for high-power testing of PZT-5H piezoelectric ceramics. The results from both methods indicated that with increasing power, the electromechanical coupling coefficient <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>31</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> , the piezoelectric constant <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>31</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and the elastic compliance <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>11</mn></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of the PZT-5H showed increasing trends, while the mechanical quality factor <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> first decayed rapidly and then stabilized at a fixed level. Additionally, under the combined impedance method, the temperature of the vibrators rose significantly due to self-heating, whereas the transient method generated almost no heat, and the vibrators remained at room temperature. By comparing the results from the two methods, we decoupled the effects of temperature and power on the high-power piezoelectric performance. The results showed that the self-heating temperature amplified the effects of power on <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>31</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>31</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>11</mn></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, while its influence on <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> remained negligible.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/2/349high-power characterizationpiezoelectric transducerpiezoelectric ceramicmaterial parametertransient method |
| spellingShingle | Wenchao Xue Xiaobo Wang Yuliang Zhu Chengtao Luo Studies on the High-Power Piezoelectric Property Measurement Methods and Decoupling the Power and Temperature Effects on PZT-5H Sensors high-power characterization piezoelectric transducer piezoelectric ceramic material parameter transient method |
| title | Studies on the High-Power Piezoelectric Property Measurement Methods and Decoupling the Power and Temperature Effects on PZT-5H |
| title_full | Studies on the High-Power Piezoelectric Property Measurement Methods and Decoupling the Power and Temperature Effects on PZT-5H |
| title_fullStr | Studies on the High-Power Piezoelectric Property Measurement Methods and Decoupling the Power and Temperature Effects on PZT-5H |
| title_full_unstemmed | Studies on the High-Power Piezoelectric Property Measurement Methods and Decoupling the Power and Temperature Effects on PZT-5H |
| title_short | Studies on the High-Power Piezoelectric Property Measurement Methods and Decoupling the Power and Temperature Effects on PZT-5H |
| title_sort | studies on the high power piezoelectric property measurement methods and decoupling the power and temperature effects on pzt 5h |
| topic | high-power characterization piezoelectric transducer piezoelectric ceramic material parameter transient method |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/2/349 |
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