Novel H16N3 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory gulls in China in 2023
As a rare subtype of avian influenza virus, H16 viruses are predominant in gulls but rarely found in domestic birds. The low prevalence of H16 viruses has limited our understanding of their epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics. In this study, we isolated three novel H16N3 viruses from migratory gu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1543338/full |
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| _version_ | 1832589820921118720 |
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| author | Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Jinyan Shen Wenjun Shi Jing Guo Mengjing Wang Wenxi Li Zhiqin Yue Xiaohong Sun Mengdi Guan Lili Liu Hongke Xu Yujiao Xie Anran Ren Mingfeng Liu Wenqiang Liu Zhibin Zhang Zhibin Zhang Zhishu Xiao Zhishu Xiao Xuyong Li |
| author_facet | Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Jinyan Shen Wenjun Shi Jing Guo Mengjing Wang Wenxi Li Zhiqin Yue Xiaohong Sun Mengdi Guan Lili Liu Hongke Xu Yujiao Xie Anran Ren Mingfeng Liu Wenqiang Liu Zhibin Zhang Zhibin Zhang Zhishu Xiao Zhishu Xiao Xuyong Li |
| author_sort | Peng Peng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As a rare subtype of avian influenza virus, H16 viruses are predominant in gulls but rarely found in domestic birds. The low prevalence of H16 viruses has limited our understanding of their epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics. In this study, we isolated three novel H16N3 viruses from migratory gulls in East Asian–Australasian Flyway in eastern China in 2023, which are significantly different from previously identified isolates. To fully understand the epidemiology and genetics characteristics of the global H16 viruses, we compared the host divergence of several rare subtypes and determined that the H13 and H16 subtypes were predominantly pooled into different species of gulls by sharing their internal genes, whereas the waterfowl of Anatidae served as the primary natural reservoirs of the H8, H11, H12, H14, and H15 subtypes. Detailed phylogenetic analysis revealed the evolutionary divergence of globally circulating H16 viruses and their frequent gene reassortment. Furthermore, the gull origin H13 and H16 viruses collectively served as gene donors for the newly emerged highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses because the H13/H16-like PA, NP, and NS genes have been introduced into circulating H5N1 viruses since May 2022 in Europe. To date, the H5N1 reassortants containing the H13/H16-like gene segments have been detected in wild and domestic birds and resulted in mammal and human infections. These results improve our knowledge of the ecology and genetics of H16 viruses and emphasize the need for surveillance to monitor the emergence of novel avian influenza viruses in migratory birds. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1cf62a5f540348a093106ffb6e40fec7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-1cf62a5f540348a093106ffb6e40fec72025-01-24T07:13:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-01-011510.3389/fmicb.2024.15433381543338Novel H16N3 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory gulls in China in 2023Peng Peng0Peng Peng1Peng Peng2Jinyan Shen3Wenjun Shi4Jing Guo5Mengjing Wang6Wenxi Li7Zhiqin Yue8Xiaohong Sun9Mengdi Guan10Lili Liu11Hongke Xu12Yujiao Xie13Anran Ren14Mingfeng Liu15Wenqiang Liu16Zhibin Zhang17Zhibin Zhang18Zhishu Xiao19Zhishu Xiao20Xuyong Li21State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaBiological Disaster Control and Prevention Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, ChinaTechnology Center of Qingdao Customs, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, ChinaTechnology Center of Qingdao Customs, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, ChinaAs a rare subtype of avian influenza virus, H16 viruses are predominant in gulls but rarely found in domestic birds. The low prevalence of H16 viruses has limited our understanding of their epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics. In this study, we isolated three novel H16N3 viruses from migratory gulls in East Asian–Australasian Flyway in eastern China in 2023, which are significantly different from previously identified isolates. To fully understand the epidemiology and genetics characteristics of the global H16 viruses, we compared the host divergence of several rare subtypes and determined that the H13 and H16 subtypes were predominantly pooled into different species of gulls by sharing their internal genes, whereas the waterfowl of Anatidae served as the primary natural reservoirs of the H8, H11, H12, H14, and H15 subtypes. Detailed phylogenetic analysis revealed the evolutionary divergence of globally circulating H16 viruses and their frequent gene reassortment. Furthermore, the gull origin H13 and H16 viruses collectively served as gene donors for the newly emerged highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses because the H13/H16-like PA, NP, and NS genes have been introduced into circulating H5N1 viruses since May 2022 in Europe. To date, the H5N1 reassortants containing the H13/H16-like gene segments have been detected in wild and domestic birds and resulted in mammal and human infections. These results improve our knowledge of the ecology and genetics of H16 viruses and emphasize the need for surveillance to monitor the emergence of novel avian influenza viruses in migratory birds.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1543338/fullavian influenza virusesH16N3H5N1migratory birdsgulls |
| spellingShingle | Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Jinyan Shen Wenjun Shi Jing Guo Mengjing Wang Wenxi Li Zhiqin Yue Xiaohong Sun Mengdi Guan Lili Liu Hongke Xu Yujiao Xie Anran Ren Mingfeng Liu Wenqiang Liu Zhibin Zhang Zhibin Zhang Zhishu Xiao Zhishu Xiao Xuyong Li Novel H16N3 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory gulls in China in 2023 Frontiers in Microbiology avian influenza viruses H16N3 H5N1 migratory birds gulls |
| title | Novel H16N3 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory gulls in China in 2023 |
| title_full | Novel H16N3 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory gulls in China in 2023 |
| title_fullStr | Novel H16N3 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory gulls in China in 2023 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel H16N3 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory gulls in China in 2023 |
| title_short | Novel H16N3 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory gulls in China in 2023 |
| title_sort | novel h16n3 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory gulls in china in 2023 |
| topic | avian influenza viruses H16N3 H5N1 migratory birds gulls |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1543338/full |
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