High-Accuracy Bandgap Reference of <20 ppm/°C: A Review

This review discusses the principle of typical bandgap reference circuits and analyzes their sources of errors. In order to provide readers with a clear perspective, we categorize the error sources into four types: (a) amplifier offset; (b) high-order nonlinearity of <inline-formula><math x...

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Main Authors: Haoyu Zhuang, Xudong Chen, Enzhe Zhang, Qiang Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Chips
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2674-0729/4/1/5
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author Haoyu Zhuang
Xudong Chen
Enzhe Zhang
Qiang Li
author_facet Haoyu Zhuang
Xudong Chen
Enzhe Zhang
Qiang Li
author_sort Haoyu Zhuang
collection DOAJ
description This review discusses the principle of typical bandgap reference circuits and analyzes their sources of errors. In order to provide readers with a clear perspective, we categorize the error sources into four types: (a) amplifier offset; (b) high-order nonlinearity of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>; (c) current mirror mismatch; and (d) other error sources. For these error sources, the most commonly used methods to reduce or minimize them to achieve high accuracy are summarized. Furthermore, this review explores sub-1V bandgap reference design techniques, addressing the increasing demand for low-power and low-voltage applications. Finally, we provide some suggestions for a future high-accuracy reference design.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2674-0729
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spelling doaj-art-1cbdfd1375aa4b418022669c4e0011ba2025-08-20T03:43:26ZengMDPI AGChips2674-07292025-01-0141510.3390/chips4010005High-Accuracy Bandgap Reference of <20 ppm/°C: A ReviewHaoyu Zhuang0Xudong Chen1Enzhe Zhang2Qiang Li3School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, ChinaSchool of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, ChinaSchool of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, ChinaSchool of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, ChinaThis review discusses the principle of typical bandgap reference circuits and analyzes their sources of errors. In order to provide readers with a clear perspective, we categorize the error sources into four types: (a) amplifier offset; (b) high-order nonlinearity of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>; (c) current mirror mismatch; and (d) other error sources. For these error sources, the most commonly used methods to reduce or minimize them to achieve high accuracy are summarized. Furthermore, this review explores sub-1V bandgap reference design techniques, addressing the increasing demand for low-power and low-voltage applications. Finally, we provide some suggestions for a future high-accuracy reference design.https://www.mdpi.com/2674-0729/4/1/5bandgap referencehigh accuracyerror sourcecurvature correctionsub-1V reference
spellingShingle Haoyu Zhuang
Xudong Chen
Enzhe Zhang
Qiang Li
High-Accuracy Bandgap Reference of <20 ppm/°C: A Review
Chips
bandgap reference
high accuracy
error source
curvature correction
sub-1V reference
title High-Accuracy Bandgap Reference of <20 ppm/°C: A Review
title_full High-Accuracy Bandgap Reference of <20 ppm/°C: A Review
title_fullStr High-Accuracy Bandgap Reference of <20 ppm/°C: A Review
title_full_unstemmed High-Accuracy Bandgap Reference of <20 ppm/°C: A Review
title_short High-Accuracy Bandgap Reference of <20 ppm/°C: A Review
title_sort high accuracy bandgap reference of 20 ppm °c a review
topic bandgap reference
high accuracy
error source
curvature correction
sub-1V reference
url https://www.mdpi.com/2674-0729/4/1/5
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AT xudongchen highaccuracybandgapreferenceof20ppmcareview
AT enzhezhang highaccuracybandgapreferenceof20ppmcareview
AT qiangli highaccuracybandgapreferenceof20ppmcareview