High-Accuracy Bandgap Reference of <20 ppm/°C: A Review

This review discusses the principle of typical bandgap reference circuits and analyzes their sources of errors. In order to provide readers with a clear perspective, we categorize the error sources into four types: (a) amplifier offset; (b) high-order nonlinearity of <inline-formula><math x...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Haoyu Zhuang, Xudong Chen, Enzhe Zhang, Qiang Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Chips
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2674-0729/4/1/5
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Summary:This review discusses the principle of typical bandgap reference circuits and analyzes their sources of errors. In order to provide readers with a clear perspective, we categorize the error sources into four types: (a) amplifier offset; (b) high-order nonlinearity of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>; (c) current mirror mismatch; and (d) other error sources. For these error sources, the most commonly used methods to reduce or minimize them to achieve high accuracy are summarized. Furthermore, this review explores sub-1V bandgap reference design techniques, addressing the increasing demand for low-power and low-voltage applications. Finally, we provide some suggestions for a future high-accuracy reference design.
ISSN:2674-0729