hnRNPH1 Inhibits Influenza Virus Replication by Binding Viral RNA
During the life cycle of the influenza virus, viral RNPs (vRNPs) are transported to the nucleus for replication. Given that a large number of progeny viral RNA occupies the nucleus, whether there is any host protein located in the nucleus that recognizes the viral RNA and inhibits the viral replicat...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/24 |
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| author | Ruixue Xue Danqi Bao Tianxin Ma Shiqi Niu Zihua Wu Xuehua Lv Yunxiang Zhang Guanlong Xu Dawei Yan Zhifei Zhang Xue Pan Minghao Yan Qiaoyang Teng Chunxiu Yuan Zejun Li Qinfang Liu |
| author_facet | Ruixue Xue Danqi Bao Tianxin Ma Shiqi Niu Zihua Wu Xuehua Lv Yunxiang Zhang Guanlong Xu Dawei Yan Zhifei Zhang Xue Pan Minghao Yan Qiaoyang Teng Chunxiu Yuan Zejun Li Qinfang Liu |
| author_sort | Ruixue Xue |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During the life cycle of the influenza virus, viral RNPs (vRNPs) are transported to the nucleus for replication. Given that a large number of progeny viral RNA occupies the nucleus, whether there is any host protein located in the nucleus that recognizes the viral RNA and inhibits the viral replication remains largely unknown. In this study, to explore the role of hnRNPH1 in influenza virus infection, we knocked down and over-expressed the hnRNPH1 proteins in 293T cells, then infected the cells with the influenza virus. The results showed that the host hnRNPH1 inhibits the replication of H1N1 and H9N2 influenza viruses by restraining the polymerase activity of viruses. hnRNPH1 contains two RNA recognition motifs (RRM1) and RRM2. Further studies indicated that hnRNPH1 specifically binds to the viral RNA of the PB1, PA, and NP genes. Mutation of the key residues tryptophan and tyrosine in RRM1 and RRM2 abolished the binding affinity to viral RNA and the suppression of polymerase activity of the influenza virus. All the results suggested that hnRNPH1 suppresses polymerase activity and replication of the influenza virus by binding viral RNA. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1ca9610baff9466bb4f4f082df10ec75 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-1ca9610baff9466bb4f4f082df10ec752025-01-24T13:42:19ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-12-011312410.3390/microorganisms13010024hnRNPH1 Inhibits Influenza Virus Replication by Binding Viral RNARuixue Xue0Danqi Bao1Tianxin Ma2Shiqi Niu3Zihua Wu4Xuehua Lv5Yunxiang Zhang6Guanlong Xu7Dawei Yan8Zhifei Zhang9Xue Pan10Minghao Yan11Qiaoyang Teng12Chunxiu Yuan13Zejun Li14Qinfang Liu15Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, ChinaChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100082, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, ChinaDuring the life cycle of the influenza virus, viral RNPs (vRNPs) are transported to the nucleus for replication. Given that a large number of progeny viral RNA occupies the nucleus, whether there is any host protein located in the nucleus that recognizes the viral RNA and inhibits the viral replication remains largely unknown. In this study, to explore the role of hnRNPH1 in influenza virus infection, we knocked down and over-expressed the hnRNPH1 proteins in 293T cells, then infected the cells with the influenza virus. The results showed that the host hnRNPH1 inhibits the replication of H1N1 and H9N2 influenza viruses by restraining the polymerase activity of viruses. hnRNPH1 contains two RNA recognition motifs (RRM1) and RRM2. Further studies indicated that hnRNPH1 specifically binds to the viral RNA of the PB1, PA, and NP genes. Mutation of the key residues tryptophan and tyrosine in RRM1 and RRM2 abolished the binding affinity to viral RNA and the suppression of polymerase activity of the influenza virus. All the results suggested that hnRNPH1 suppresses polymerase activity and replication of the influenza virus by binding viral RNA.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/24hnRNPH1influenza virusRNA recognition motif |
| spellingShingle | Ruixue Xue Danqi Bao Tianxin Ma Shiqi Niu Zihua Wu Xuehua Lv Yunxiang Zhang Guanlong Xu Dawei Yan Zhifei Zhang Xue Pan Minghao Yan Qiaoyang Teng Chunxiu Yuan Zejun Li Qinfang Liu hnRNPH1 Inhibits Influenza Virus Replication by Binding Viral RNA Microorganisms hnRNPH1 influenza virus RNA recognition motif |
| title | hnRNPH1 Inhibits Influenza Virus Replication by Binding Viral RNA |
| title_full | hnRNPH1 Inhibits Influenza Virus Replication by Binding Viral RNA |
| title_fullStr | hnRNPH1 Inhibits Influenza Virus Replication by Binding Viral RNA |
| title_full_unstemmed | hnRNPH1 Inhibits Influenza Virus Replication by Binding Viral RNA |
| title_short | hnRNPH1 Inhibits Influenza Virus Replication by Binding Viral RNA |
| title_sort | hnrnph1 inhibits influenza virus replication by binding viral rna |
| topic | hnRNPH1 influenza virus RNA recognition motif |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/24 |
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