Decoding NAD+ Metabolism in COVID-19: Implications for Immune Modulation and Therapy
The persistent threat of COVID-19, particularly with the emergence of new variants, underscores the urgency for innovative therapeutic strategies beyond conventional antiviral treatments. Current immunotherapies, including IL-6/IL-6R monoclonal antibodies and JAK inhibitors, exhibit suboptimal effic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/1/1 |
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| author | Shixu Song Jialing Gan Qiuyue Long Zhancheng Gao Yali Zheng |
| author_facet | Shixu Song Jialing Gan Qiuyue Long Zhancheng Gao Yali Zheng |
| author_sort | Shixu Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The persistent threat of COVID-19, particularly with the emergence of new variants, underscores the urgency for innovative therapeutic strategies beyond conventional antiviral treatments. Current immunotherapies, including IL-6/IL-6R monoclonal antibodies and JAK inhibitors, exhibit suboptimal efficacy, necessitating alternative approaches. Our review delves into the significance of NAD+ metabolism in COVID-19 pathology, marked by decreased NAD+ levels and upregulated NAD+-consuming enzymes such as CD38 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). Recognizing NAD+’s pivotal role in energy metabolism and immune modulation, we propose modulating NAD+ homeostasis could bolster the host’s defensive capabilities against the virus. The article reviews the scientific rationale behind targeting NAD+ pathways for therapeutic benefit, utilizing strategies such as NAD+ precursor supplementation and enzyme inhibition to modulate immune function. While preliminary data are encouraging, the challenge lies in optimizing these interventions for clinical use. Future research should aim to unravel the intricate roles of key metabolites and enzymes in NAD+ metabolism and to elucidate their specific mechanisms of action. This will be essential for developing targeted NAD+ therapies, potentially transforming the management of COVID-19 and setting a precedent for addressing other infectious diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1c6bd7c01b354d0695ae41ff6d034a24 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-1c6bd7c01b354d0695ae41ff6d034a242025-01-24T13:51:37ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2024-12-01131110.3390/vaccines13010001Decoding NAD+ Metabolism in COVID-19: Implications for Immune Modulation and TherapyShixu Song0Jialing Gan1Qiuyue Long2Zhancheng Gao3Yali Zheng4Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, ChinaThe persistent threat of COVID-19, particularly with the emergence of new variants, underscores the urgency for innovative therapeutic strategies beyond conventional antiviral treatments. Current immunotherapies, including IL-6/IL-6R monoclonal antibodies and JAK inhibitors, exhibit suboptimal efficacy, necessitating alternative approaches. Our review delves into the significance of NAD+ metabolism in COVID-19 pathology, marked by decreased NAD+ levels and upregulated NAD+-consuming enzymes such as CD38 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). Recognizing NAD+’s pivotal role in energy metabolism and immune modulation, we propose modulating NAD+ homeostasis could bolster the host’s defensive capabilities against the virus. The article reviews the scientific rationale behind targeting NAD+ pathways for therapeutic benefit, utilizing strategies such as NAD+ precursor supplementation and enzyme inhibition to modulate immune function. While preliminary data are encouraging, the challenge lies in optimizing these interventions for clinical use. Future research should aim to unravel the intricate roles of key metabolites and enzymes in NAD+ metabolism and to elucidate their specific mechanisms of action. This will be essential for developing targeted NAD+ therapies, potentially transforming the management of COVID-19 and setting a precedent for addressing other infectious diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/1/1SARS-CoV-2COVID-19NAD+ metabolismimmunometabolic therapiesenzyme modulation |
| spellingShingle | Shixu Song Jialing Gan Qiuyue Long Zhancheng Gao Yali Zheng Decoding NAD+ Metabolism in COVID-19: Implications for Immune Modulation and Therapy Vaccines SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 NAD+ metabolism immunometabolic therapies enzyme modulation |
| title | Decoding NAD+ Metabolism in COVID-19: Implications for Immune Modulation and Therapy |
| title_full | Decoding NAD+ Metabolism in COVID-19: Implications for Immune Modulation and Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Decoding NAD+ Metabolism in COVID-19: Implications for Immune Modulation and Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decoding NAD+ Metabolism in COVID-19: Implications for Immune Modulation and Therapy |
| title_short | Decoding NAD+ Metabolism in COVID-19: Implications for Immune Modulation and Therapy |
| title_sort | decoding nad metabolism in covid 19 implications for immune modulation and therapy |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 NAD+ metabolism immunometabolic therapies enzyme modulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/1/1 |
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