“All sorts of colours of emotions”: Ambulance call-handlers’ perceptions of the barriers to CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Aim: To explore call-handlers’ perceptions of the main barriers to achieving CPR during emergency calls to the ambulance service. Methods: Thirty purposively sampled call-handlers, working in seven UK ambulance dispatch centres, participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews designed to expl...

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Main Authors: Barbara Farquharson, Marie Johnston, Rosaleen O’Brien, Gareth Clegg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Resuscitation Plus
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666520425000414
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author Barbara Farquharson
Marie Johnston
Rosaleen O’Brien
Gareth Clegg
author_facet Barbara Farquharson
Marie Johnston
Rosaleen O’Brien
Gareth Clegg
author_sort Barbara Farquharson
collection DOAJ
description Aim: To explore call-handlers’ perceptions of the main barriers to achieving CPR during emergency calls to the ambulance service. Methods: Thirty purposively sampled call-handlers, working in seven UK ambulance dispatch centres, participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews designed to explore their experiences of providing CPR instructions and their perceptions of the most common barriers to initiation of CPR. Results: Participants (20F 9 M 1non-binary), aged 21–57 years, with varied length of experience (6mths −25 yrs), self-reported confidence (3–10/10), experience of NHS Pathways and MPDS, described providing CPR calls typically once per shift, with most call-handlers reporting barriers to CPR in most calls.The barriers to initiating CPR most commonly identified by call-handlers were the strong emotions experienced by callers; physical issues relating to the caller, patient and situation; uncertainty about whether CPR was required, particularly uncertainty about breathing and caller concerns about doing harm.Participants described many overlapping issues, making each call a unique challenge. They also provided insights into the complexities of ambiguous situations such as those encountered by carers and care-homes, DNACPR issues, as well as facilitating factors. Conclusion: Call-handlers identified barriers to CPR that echo those identified via other study methods plus provide additional insights into areas not readily addressed by current protocols. Call-handlers’ perspectives may be helpful in identifying priority areas for protocol refinement and ways to improve the efficacy of CPR instructions.
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spelling doaj-art-1c44e239d1754c39ad7c44ff3f5ca0b42025-08-20T02:04:15ZengElsevierResuscitation Plus2666-52042025-03-012210090410.1016/j.resplu.2025.100904“All sorts of colours of emotions”: Ambulance call-handlers’ perceptions of the barriers to CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrestBarbara Farquharson0Marie Johnston1Rosaleen O’Brien2Gareth Clegg3Centre for Healthcare and Community Research (CHeCR), University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; Corresponding author.University of Aberdeen, United KingdomIndependent Researcher, United KingdomUniversity of Edinburgh, United KingdomAim: To explore call-handlers’ perceptions of the main barriers to achieving CPR during emergency calls to the ambulance service. Methods: Thirty purposively sampled call-handlers, working in seven UK ambulance dispatch centres, participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews designed to explore their experiences of providing CPR instructions and their perceptions of the most common barriers to initiation of CPR. Results: Participants (20F 9 M 1non-binary), aged 21–57 years, with varied length of experience (6mths −25 yrs), self-reported confidence (3–10/10), experience of NHS Pathways and MPDS, described providing CPR calls typically once per shift, with most call-handlers reporting barriers to CPR in most calls.The barriers to initiating CPR most commonly identified by call-handlers were the strong emotions experienced by callers; physical issues relating to the caller, patient and situation; uncertainty about whether CPR was required, particularly uncertainty about breathing and caller concerns about doing harm.Participants described many overlapping issues, making each call a unique challenge. They also provided insights into the complexities of ambiguous situations such as those encountered by carers and care-homes, DNACPR issues, as well as facilitating factors. Conclusion: Call-handlers identified barriers to CPR that echo those identified via other study methods plus provide additional insights into areas not readily addressed by current protocols. Call-handlers’ perspectives may be helpful in identifying priority areas for protocol refinement and ways to improve the efficacy of CPR instructions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666520425000414Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationCardiac arrestOut of hospitalEmergency Medical Service Communication Systems
spellingShingle Barbara Farquharson
Marie Johnston
Rosaleen O’Brien
Gareth Clegg
“All sorts of colours of emotions”: Ambulance call-handlers’ perceptions of the barriers to CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Resuscitation Plus
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Cardiac arrest
Out of hospital
Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems
title “All sorts of colours of emotions”: Ambulance call-handlers’ perceptions of the barriers to CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
title_full “All sorts of colours of emotions”: Ambulance call-handlers’ perceptions of the barriers to CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
title_fullStr “All sorts of colours of emotions”: Ambulance call-handlers’ perceptions of the barriers to CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
title_full_unstemmed “All sorts of colours of emotions”: Ambulance call-handlers’ perceptions of the barriers to CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
title_short “All sorts of colours of emotions”: Ambulance call-handlers’ perceptions of the barriers to CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
title_sort all sorts of colours of emotions ambulance call handlers perceptions of the barriers to cpr in out of hospital cardiac arrest
topic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Cardiac arrest
Out of hospital
Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666520425000414
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