Impact of modified aggregate gradation on the workability, mechanical, microstructural and radiation shielding properties of recycled aggregate concrete

Abstract The increasing need for sustainable construction practices has driven research into the utilization of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in new concrete mixes. However, the variable properties of RCA, particularly its gradation, can significantly impact the performance of the resulting conc...

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Main Authors: Mohy S. Fattouh, Mohamed A. Abouelnour, Alaa A. Mahmoud, Islam N. Fathy, A. F. El Sayed, Sameh A. Elhameed, Islam M. Nabil
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02655-y
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author Mohy S. Fattouh
Mohamed A. Abouelnour
Alaa A. Mahmoud
Islam N. Fathy
A. F. El Sayed
Sameh A. Elhameed
Islam M. Nabil
author_facet Mohy S. Fattouh
Mohamed A. Abouelnour
Alaa A. Mahmoud
Islam N. Fathy
A. F. El Sayed
Sameh A. Elhameed
Islam M. Nabil
author_sort Mohy S. Fattouh
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The increasing need for sustainable construction practices has driven research into the utilization of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in new concrete mixes. However, the variable properties of RCA, particularly its gradation, can significantly impact the performance of the resulting concrete. This study investigates the impact of modified aggregate gradation on the properties of concrete incorporating 100% RCA. Three concrete mixes were prepared: a control mix with the original RCA gradation (RCA1) and two modified mixes (RCA2 and RCA3). The initial gradation was modified by enhancing the 10% passing the #1″ sieve (S1) and diminishing the combined 10% passing the #1″ sieve and 10% passing the #4″ sieve (S2). Subsequently, the effects of these modified gradations were assessed, encompassing workability, mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strength), microstructural characteristics (XRD, SEM, and EDX), and radiation shielding performance. Results demonstrate that, despite reduced workability, the modified mixes exhibited enhanced compressive and flexural strengths. Microstructural analysis revealed denser, more interconnected cement paste matrices and refined interfacial transition zones (ITZ) in the modified mixes. Furthermore, the radiation shielding effectiveness increased with increasing gradation modification (RCA1 < RCA2 < RCA3). Specifically, RCA3 exhibited the lowest half-value layer (HV), tenth-value layer (TV), and mean free path (MF), along with the highest average macroscopic removal cross-section (FCS). These results suggest that modifying the gradation of RCA can effectively improve the mechanical and radiation shielding properties of concrete made with 100% RCA. This enhanced performance makes RCA concrete a viable option for radiation shielding applications in facilities like hospitals and nuclear power plants, contributing to both sustainable construction and improved safety.
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spelling doaj-art-1c3aa51b330c4bb68dbeeead8c4cfea72025-08-20T03:16:32ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115112310.1038/s41598-025-02655-yImpact of modified aggregate gradation on the workability, mechanical, microstructural and radiation shielding properties of recycled aggregate concreteMohy S. Fattouh0Mohamed A. Abouelnour1Alaa A. Mahmoud2Islam N. Fathy3A. F. El Sayed4Sameh A. Elhameed5Islam M. Nabil6Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sinai UniversityCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum UniversityCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum UniversityCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum UniversityPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityChemical and Nuclear Engineering Department, Military Technical CollegePhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum UniversityAbstract The increasing need for sustainable construction practices has driven research into the utilization of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in new concrete mixes. However, the variable properties of RCA, particularly its gradation, can significantly impact the performance of the resulting concrete. This study investigates the impact of modified aggregate gradation on the properties of concrete incorporating 100% RCA. Three concrete mixes were prepared: a control mix with the original RCA gradation (RCA1) and two modified mixes (RCA2 and RCA3). The initial gradation was modified by enhancing the 10% passing the #1″ sieve (S1) and diminishing the combined 10% passing the #1″ sieve and 10% passing the #4″ sieve (S2). Subsequently, the effects of these modified gradations were assessed, encompassing workability, mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strength), microstructural characteristics (XRD, SEM, and EDX), and radiation shielding performance. Results demonstrate that, despite reduced workability, the modified mixes exhibited enhanced compressive and flexural strengths. Microstructural analysis revealed denser, more interconnected cement paste matrices and refined interfacial transition zones (ITZ) in the modified mixes. Furthermore, the radiation shielding effectiveness increased with increasing gradation modification (RCA1 < RCA2 < RCA3). Specifically, RCA3 exhibited the lowest half-value layer (HV), tenth-value layer (TV), and mean free path (MF), along with the highest average macroscopic removal cross-section (FCS). These results suggest that modifying the gradation of RCA can effectively improve the mechanical and radiation shielding properties of concrete made with 100% RCA. This enhanced performance makes RCA concrete a viable option for radiation shielding applications in facilities like hospitals and nuclear power plants, contributing to both sustainable construction and improved safety.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02655-yRecycled concrete aggregateGradationSlumpMechanical propertiesRadiation shielding
spellingShingle Mohy S. Fattouh
Mohamed A. Abouelnour
Alaa A. Mahmoud
Islam N. Fathy
A. F. El Sayed
Sameh A. Elhameed
Islam M. Nabil
Impact of modified aggregate gradation on the workability, mechanical, microstructural and radiation shielding properties of recycled aggregate concrete
Scientific Reports
Recycled concrete aggregate
Gradation
Slump
Mechanical properties
Radiation shielding
title Impact of modified aggregate gradation on the workability, mechanical, microstructural and radiation shielding properties of recycled aggregate concrete
title_full Impact of modified aggregate gradation on the workability, mechanical, microstructural and radiation shielding properties of recycled aggregate concrete
title_fullStr Impact of modified aggregate gradation on the workability, mechanical, microstructural and radiation shielding properties of recycled aggregate concrete
title_full_unstemmed Impact of modified aggregate gradation on the workability, mechanical, microstructural and radiation shielding properties of recycled aggregate concrete
title_short Impact of modified aggregate gradation on the workability, mechanical, microstructural and radiation shielding properties of recycled aggregate concrete
title_sort impact of modified aggregate gradation on the workability mechanical microstructural and radiation shielding properties of recycled aggregate concrete
topic Recycled concrete aggregate
Gradation
Slump
Mechanical properties
Radiation shielding
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02655-y
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