Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy: A Diagnostic Conundrum—Case Report and Review of Literature

Generalized lymphadenopathy is a nonspecific sign with heterogenous etiology including infective, inflammatory, and malignant causes. We present the case of a child who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, involving the cervical, axillary, mediastinal, and inguinal groups, along with recurrin...

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Main Authors: Mahin Mundra, Vaishnavi Sreenivasan, Nisha Swami, Kawaldeep Kaur, Bhavika Rishi, Aroonima Misra, Sumit Mehndiratta, Amitabh Singh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Series:Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology
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Online Access:http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0044-1795162
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author Mahin Mundra
Vaishnavi Sreenivasan
Nisha Swami
Kawaldeep Kaur
Bhavika Rishi
Aroonima Misra
Sumit Mehndiratta
Amitabh Singh
author_facet Mahin Mundra
Vaishnavi Sreenivasan
Nisha Swami
Kawaldeep Kaur
Bhavika Rishi
Aroonima Misra
Sumit Mehndiratta
Amitabh Singh
author_sort Mahin Mundra
collection DOAJ
description Generalized lymphadenopathy is a nonspecific sign with heterogenous etiology including infective, inflammatory, and malignant causes. We present the case of a child who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, involving the cervical, axillary, mediastinal, and inguinal groups, along with recurring fever, tonsillar enlargement, and parotid swelling for 2 years. She had coexisting undernutrition and hepatosplenomegaly on examination. After ruling out common infective causes like tuberculosis, autoimmune and neoplastic conditions were considered. The diagnosis was made by histopathology of the axillary node biopsy, which revealed characteristic features of Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD). She was started on oral steroids but was lost to follow-up after 6 months. We report this case to emphasize that RDD, a subtype of non-Langerhans histiocytosis, should be considered as a differential in young patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy.
format Article
id doaj-art-1c285af6ceba45a8bb4fdcfed5d1c6f3
institution Kabale University
issn 0971-5851
0975-2129
language English
publisher Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
record_format Article
series Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology
spelling doaj-art-1c285af6ceba45a8bb4fdcfed5d1c6f32025-08-20T03:25:29ZengThieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology0971-58510975-212910.1055/s-0044-1795162Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy: A Diagnostic Conundrum—Case Report and Review of LiteratureMahin Mundra0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6741-2109Vaishnavi Sreenivasan1https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2118-3730Nisha Swami2Kawaldeep Kaur3Bhavika Rishi4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5367-6050Aroonima Misra5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2884-3600Sumit Mehndiratta6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0024-8773Amitabh Singh7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-5339Department of Pediatrics, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Pediatrics, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Pediatrics, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Pediatrics, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IndiaNational Institute of Pathology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, IndiaNational Institute of Pathology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Pediatrics, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Pediatrics, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IndiaGeneralized lymphadenopathy is a nonspecific sign with heterogenous etiology including infective, inflammatory, and malignant causes. We present the case of a child who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, involving the cervical, axillary, mediastinal, and inguinal groups, along with recurring fever, tonsillar enlargement, and parotid swelling for 2 years. She had coexisting undernutrition and hepatosplenomegaly on examination. After ruling out common infective causes like tuberculosis, autoimmune and neoplastic conditions were considered. The diagnosis was made by histopathology of the axillary node biopsy, which revealed characteristic features of Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD). She was started on oral steroids but was lost to follow-up after 6 months. We report this case to emphasize that RDD, a subtype of non-Langerhans histiocytosis, should be considered as a differential in young patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy.http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0044-1795162histiocytosisemperipolesislymphadenopathysteroids
spellingShingle Mahin Mundra
Vaishnavi Sreenivasan
Nisha Swami
Kawaldeep Kaur
Bhavika Rishi
Aroonima Misra
Sumit Mehndiratta
Amitabh Singh
Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy: A Diagnostic Conundrum—Case Report and Review of Literature
Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology
histiocytosis
emperipolesis
lymphadenopathy
steroids
title Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy: A Diagnostic Conundrum—Case Report and Review of Literature
title_full Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy: A Diagnostic Conundrum—Case Report and Review of Literature
title_fullStr Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy: A Diagnostic Conundrum—Case Report and Review of Literature
title_full_unstemmed Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy: A Diagnostic Conundrum—Case Report and Review of Literature
title_short Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy: A Diagnostic Conundrum—Case Report and Review of Literature
title_sort persistent generalized lymphadenopathy a diagnostic conundrum case report and review of literature
topic histiocytosis
emperipolesis
lymphadenopathy
steroids
url http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0044-1795162
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AT kawaldeepkaur persistentgeneralizedlymphadenopathyadiagnosticconundrumcasereportandreviewofliterature
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