Effect of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Interaction with Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity on Adiposity in European Children: The IDEFICS/I.Family Study
Introduction: The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been associated with a better adiposity profile in different cohorts of European children. However, these beneficial effects might be influenced by genetic variations, which could potentially modulate the MD–adiposity association. Objectives: To investig...
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2024-02-01
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| author | Miguel Seral-Cortes Gabin Drouard Guiomar Masip Leonie Bogl Michael Tornaritis Ronja Foraita Luis A. Moreno |
| author_facet | Miguel Seral-Cortes Gabin Drouard Guiomar Masip Leonie Bogl Michael Tornaritis Ronja Foraita Luis A. Moreno |
| author_sort | Miguel Seral-Cortes |
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| description | Introduction: The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been associated with a better adiposity profile in different cohorts of European children. However, these beneficial effects might be influenced by genetic variations, which could potentially modulate the MD–adiposity association. Objectives: To investigate if higher adherence to the MD, or any of the MD food groups, is associated with lower adiposity during youth. Also, to observe the degree by which the adherence to the MD or any of the MD food groups could modulate the genetic susceptibility to obesity, in relation to adiposity. Methods: Design: Cohort study with three measurement surveys: baseline (T0), follow-up 1 (T1), and follow-up 2 (T3), between 2007 and 2014. Setting: The pan-European IDEFICS/I.Family cohort. Participants: 3098 children aged 2–16 years were genotyped. A total of 1907 participants at time measurement 3 (T3) were included, with complete information in all parameters of interest. Outcome measures: body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). A 7-item Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) to assess the degree of MD adherence, and a genome-wide polygenic risk score (PRS) for BMI previously built within the IDEFICS/I.Family consortium, from a previous GWAS to capture obesity risk. Statistical analysis: In T3, multiple linear regressions to test MD–adiposity and MD-food-groups–adiposity associations, adjusted by age, sex, parental education, genetic susceptibility to obesity, population stratification, region of residence, screen sedentary time (SST), and physical activity. Then, the same models were used to estimate gene x diet effects, based on the PRS x MD adherence. Results: No associations were found between MDS and BMI or WC adiposity markers (<i>p</i>-value 0.26, B 0.10). In terms of food groups, higher vegetable consumption was inversely associated to BMI (<i>p</i>-value < 0.01, B −0.01) and WC (<i>p</i>-value 0.01, B −0.02), although no gene x vegetables interaction effects were found (BMI <i>p</i>-value 0.43, B < 0.01; WC <i>p</i>-value 0.49, B 0.01). Age and SST were also significantly associated to BMI (<i>p</i>-value 0.01, B −0.12; <i>p</i>-value < 0.01, B 0.02), and only SST to WC (<i>p</i>-value 0.03, B 0.05), respectively. Conclusions: Higher consumption of vegetables might be associated with lower obesity, irrespective of their obesity genetic risk. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-1c1d0c26a7e84e32a9ea150f96dea5a92025-08-20T03:44:00ZengMDPI AGProceedings2504-39002024-02-0191129710.3390/proceedings2023091297Effect of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Interaction with Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity on Adiposity in European Children: The IDEFICS/I.Family StudyMiguel Seral-Cortes0Gabin Drouard1Guiomar Masip2Leonie Bogl3Michael Tornaritis4Ronja Foraita5Luis A. Moreno6Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, SpainInstitute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandSchool of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, CanadaDepartment of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaResearch and Education Institute of Child Health, 2015 Strovolos, CyprusLeibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, 28359 Bremen, GermanyGrowth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, SpainIntroduction: The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been associated with a better adiposity profile in different cohorts of European children. However, these beneficial effects might be influenced by genetic variations, which could potentially modulate the MD–adiposity association. Objectives: To investigate if higher adherence to the MD, or any of the MD food groups, is associated with lower adiposity during youth. Also, to observe the degree by which the adherence to the MD or any of the MD food groups could modulate the genetic susceptibility to obesity, in relation to adiposity. Methods: Design: Cohort study with three measurement surveys: baseline (T0), follow-up 1 (T1), and follow-up 2 (T3), between 2007 and 2014. Setting: The pan-European IDEFICS/I.Family cohort. Participants: 3098 children aged 2–16 years were genotyped. A total of 1907 participants at time measurement 3 (T3) were included, with complete information in all parameters of interest. Outcome measures: body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). A 7-item Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) to assess the degree of MD adherence, and a genome-wide polygenic risk score (PRS) for BMI previously built within the IDEFICS/I.Family consortium, from a previous GWAS to capture obesity risk. Statistical analysis: In T3, multiple linear regressions to test MD–adiposity and MD-food-groups–adiposity associations, adjusted by age, sex, parental education, genetic susceptibility to obesity, population stratification, region of residence, screen sedentary time (SST), and physical activity. Then, the same models were used to estimate gene x diet effects, based on the PRS x MD adherence. Results: No associations were found between MDS and BMI or WC adiposity markers (<i>p</i>-value 0.26, B 0.10). In terms of food groups, higher vegetable consumption was inversely associated to BMI (<i>p</i>-value < 0.01, B −0.01) and WC (<i>p</i>-value 0.01, B −0.02), although no gene x vegetables interaction effects were found (BMI <i>p</i>-value 0.43, B < 0.01; WC <i>p</i>-value 0.49, B 0.01). Age and SST were also significantly associated to BMI (<i>p</i>-value 0.01, B −0.12; <i>p</i>-value < 0.01, B 0.02), and only SST to WC (<i>p</i>-value 0.03, B 0.05), respectively. Conclusions: Higher consumption of vegetables might be associated with lower obesity, irrespective of their obesity genetic risk.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/91/1/297Gene x dietpolygenic risk scoreMediterranean dietBMIchildren |
| spellingShingle | Miguel Seral-Cortes Gabin Drouard Guiomar Masip Leonie Bogl Michael Tornaritis Ronja Foraita Luis A. Moreno Effect of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Interaction with Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity on Adiposity in European Children: The IDEFICS/I.Family Study Proceedings Gene x diet polygenic risk score Mediterranean diet BMI children |
| title | Effect of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Interaction with Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity on Adiposity in European Children: The IDEFICS/I.Family Study |
| title_full | Effect of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Interaction with Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity on Adiposity in European Children: The IDEFICS/I.Family Study |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Interaction with Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity on Adiposity in European Children: The IDEFICS/I.Family Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Interaction with Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity on Adiposity in European Children: The IDEFICS/I.Family Study |
| title_short | Effect of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Interaction with Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity on Adiposity in European Children: The IDEFICS/I.Family Study |
| title_sort | effect of mediterranean diet adherence and its interaction with genetic susceptibility to obesity on adiposity in european children the idefics i family study |
| topic | Gene x diet polygenic risk score Mediterranean diet BMI children |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/91/1/297 |
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