Ex Vivo and In Vitro Proteomic Approach to Elucidate the Relevance of IL‐4 and IL‐10 in Intervertebral Disc Pathophysiology

ABSTRACT Background This study investigates the native presence and potential anabolic effects of interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐10 in the human intervertebral disc (IVD). Methods Human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells cultured in 3D from trauma and degenerate IVDs and NP explants were stimulated with 10 ng/m...

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Main Authors: Paola Bermudez‐Lekerika, Sofia Tseranidou, Exarchos Kanelis, Andrea Nüesch, Katherine B. Crump, Leonidas G. Alexopoulos, Karin Wuertz‐Kozak, Jérôme Noailly, Christine L. Le Maitre, Benjamin Gantenbein
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Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:JOR Spine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.70048
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author Paola Bermudez‐Lekerika
Sofia Tseranidou
Exarchos Kanelis
Andrea Nüesch
Katherine B. Crump
Leonidas G. Alexopoulos
Karin Wuertz‐Kozak
Jérôme Noailly
Christine L. Le Maitre
Benjamin Gantenbein
author_facet Paola Bermudez‐Lekerika
Sofia Tseranidou
Exarchos Kanelis
Andrea Nüesch
Katherine B. Crump
Leonidas G. Alexopoulos
Karin Wuertz‐Kozak
Jérôme Noailly
Christine L. Le Maitre
Benjamin Gantenbein
author_sort Paola Bermudez‐Lekerika
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background This study investigates the native presence and potential anabolic effects of interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐10 in the human intervertebral disc (IVD). Methods Human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells cultured in 3D from trauma and degenerate IVDs and NP explants were stimulated with 10 ng/mL IL‐4, IL‐10, or each in combination with 1 ng/mL IL‐1β stimulation. The role of IL‐4 and IL‐10 in the IVD was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, gene expression, and Luminex multiplex immunoassay proteomics (73 secreted) and phosphoproteomics (21 phosphorylated proteins). Results IL‐4, IL‐4R, and IL‐10R expression and localization in human cartilage endplate tissue were demonstrated for the first time. No significant gene expression changes were noted under IL‐4 or IL‐10 stimulation. However, IL‐1β stimulation significantly increased MMP3, COX2, TIMP1, and TRPV4 expression in NP cells from trauma IVDs. Combined IL‐4 and IL‐1β treatment induced a significant increase in protein secretion of IL‐1α, IL‐7, IL‐16, IL‐17F, IL‐18, IFNγ, TNF, ST2, PROK1, bFGF2, and stem cell factor exclusively in NP cells from degenerated IVDs. Conversely, the secretome profile of explants revealed an IL‐4–mediated decrease in CXCL13 following treatment with IL‐1β. Combined IL‐10 and IL‐1β treatment increased neurotrophic growth factor secretion compared with IL‐10 baseline. Conclusions The NP cell phenotype affects the pleiotropic role of IL‐4, which can induce a pro‐inflammatory response in the presence of catabolic stimuli and enhance the effects of IL‐1β in degenerated IVDs. Environmental factors, including 3D culture and hypoxia, may alter IL‐4's role. Finally, IL‐10's potential neurotrophic effects under catabolic stimuli warrant further investigation to clarify its role in IVD degeneration.
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spelling doaj-art-1b80e9c4ae7c4d7ea34f1b3eb33a1a1a2025-08-20T02:11:08ZengWileyJOR Spine2572-11432025-03-0181n/an/a10.1002/jsp2.70048Ex Vivo and In Vitro Proteomic Approach to Elucidate the Relevance of IL‐4 and IL‐10 in Intervertebral Disc PathophysiologyPaola Bermudez‐Lekerika0Sofia Tseranidou1Exarchos Kanelis2Andrea Nüesch3Katherine B. Crump4Leonidas G. Alexopoulos5Karin Wuertz‐Kozak6Jérôme Noailly7Christine L. Le Maitre8Benjamin Gantenbein9Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone and Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine University of Bern Bern SwitzerlandDepartment of Engineering Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona SpainTesting Services Protavio Ltd, Demokritos Science Park Athens GreeceDivision of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Population Health University of Sheffield Sheffield EnglandTissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone and Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine University of Bern Bern SwitzerlandTesting Services Protavio Ltd, Demokritos Science Park Athens GreeceDepartment of Biomedical Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester New York USADepartment of Engineering Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona SpainDivision of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Population Health University of Sheffield Sheffield EnglandTissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone and Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine University of Bern Bern SwitzerlandABSTRACT Background This study investigates the native presence and potential anabolic effects of interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐10 in the human intervertebral disc (IVD). Methods Human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells cultured in 3D from trauma and degenerate IVDs and NP explants were stimulated with 10 ng/mL IL‐4, IL‐10, or each in combination with 1 ng/mL IL‐1β stimulation. The role of IL‐4 and IL‐10 in the IVD was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, gene expression, and Luminex multiplex immunoassay proteomics (73 secreted) and phosphoproteomics (21 phosphorylated proteins). Results IL‐4, IL‐4R, and IL‐10R expression and localization in human cartilage endplate tissue were demonstrated for the first time. No significant gene expression changes were noted under IL‐4 or IL‐10 stimulation. However, IL‐1β stimulation significantly increased MMP3, COX2, TIMP1, and TRPV4 expression in NP cells from trauma IVDs. Combined IL‐4 and IL‐1β treatment induced a significant increase in protein secretion of IL‐1α, IL‐7, IL‐16, IL‐17F, IL‐18, IFNγ, TNF, ST2, PROK1, bFGF2, and stem cell factor exclusively in NP cells from degenerated IVDs. Conversely, the secretome profile of explants revealed an IL‐4–mediated decrease in CXCL13 following treatment with IL‐1β. Combined IL‐10 and IL‐1β treatment increased neurotrophic growth factor secretion compared with IL‐10 baseline. Conclusions The NP cell phenotype affects the pleiotropic role of IL‐4, which can induce a pro‐inflammatory response in the presence of catabolic stimuli and enhance the effects of IL‐1β in degenerated IVDs. Environmental factors, including 3D culture and hypoxia, may alter IL‐4's role. Finally, IL‐10's potential neurotrophic effects under catabolic stimuli warrant further investigation to clarify its role in IVD degeneration.https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.70048immunohistochemistryinterleukin‐10interleukin‐4intervertebral disclow back painsecretome proteomics
spellingShingle Paola Bermudez‐Lekerika
Sofia Tseranidou
Exarchos Kanelis
Andrea Nüesch
Katherine B. Crump
Leonidas G. Alexopoulos
Karin Wuertz‐Kozak
Jérôme Noailly
Christine L. Le Maitre
Benjamin Gantenbein
Ex Vivo and In Vitro Proteomic Approach to Elucidate the Relevance of IL‐4 and IL‐10 in Intervertebral Disc Pathophysiology
JOR Spine
immunohistochemistry
interleukin‐10
interleukin‐4
intervertebral disc
low back pain
secretome proteomics
title Ex Vivo and In Vitro Proteomic Approach to Elucidate the Relevance of IL‐4 and IL‐10 in Intervertebral Disc Pathophysiology
title_full Ex Vivo and In Vitro Proteomic Approach to Elucidate the Relevance of IL‐4 and IL‐10 in Intervertebral Disc Pathophysiology
title_fullStr Ex Vivo and In Vitro Proteomic Approach to Elucidate the Relevance of IL‐4 and IL‐10 in Intervertebral Disc Pathophysiology
title_full_unstemmed Ex Vivo and In Vitro Proteomic Approach to Elucidate the Relevance of IL‐4 and IL‐10 in Intervertebral Disc Pathophysiology
title_short Ex Vivo and In Vitro Proteomic Approach to Elucidate the Relevance of IL‐4 and IL‐10 in Intervertebral Disc Pathophysiology
title_sort ex vivo and in vitro proteomic approach to elucidate the relevance of il 4 and il 10 in intervertebral disc pathophysiology
topic immunohistochemistry
interleukin‐10
interleukin‐4
intervertebral disc
low back pain
secretome proteomics
url https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.70048
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