Enhancing autonomous exploration for robotics via real time map optimization and improved frontier costs

Abstract Autonomous exploration and mapping in unknown environments remain pivotal in robotics research. The efficiency of autonomous exploration is often constrained by irrational exploration strategies and incomplete map exploration. This paper proposes an efficient autonomous exploration method b...

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Main Authors: Chunyang Liu, Dingfa Zhang, Weitao Liu, Xin Sui, Yan Huang, Xiqiang Ma, Xiaokang Yang, Xiao Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97231-9
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author Chunyang Liu
Dingfa Zhang
Weitao Liu
Xin Sui
Yan Huang
Xiqiang Ma
Xiaokang Yang
Xiao Wang
author_facet Chunyang Liu
Dingfa Zhang
Weitao Liu
Xin Sui
Yan Huang
Xiqiang Ma
Xiaokang Yang
Xiao Wang
author_sort Chunyang Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Autonomous exploration and mapping in unknown environments remain pivotal in robotics research. The efficiency of autonomous exploration is often constrained by irrational exploration strategies and incomplete map exploration. This paper proposes an efficient autonomous exploration method based on a frontier strategy, aiming to enhance the performance of ground mobile robots in exploration and mapping tasks. We employ a real-time grid map optimization technique using bilateral filtering and expansion to eliminate inefficient frontiers, improve mapping quality, and enhance the overall efficiency of autonomous exploration. Additionally, we construct a novel frontier cost function that incorporates factors such as path length, sensor measurement range, and information gain. Our approach uniquely combines an autonomous exploration decision model with the Minimum Ratio Travelling Salesman Problem (MRTSP) to maximize the explored area within the shortest possible path. Comparative analyses with classic methods, conducted in both simulated and real environments, demonstrate a 10–30% improvement in exploration efficiency through our approach.
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id doaj-art-1b4e13f7d19f446297f2eb3c4f23bbf3
institution DOAJ
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-1b4e13f7d19f446297f2eb3c4f23bbf32025-08-20T03:10:17ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-97231-9Enhancing autonomous exploration for robotics via real time map optimization and improved frontier costsChunyang Liu0Dingfa Zhang1Weitao Liu2Xin Sui3Yan Huang4Xiqiang Ma5Xiaokang Yang6Xiao Wang7Henan University of Science and TechnologyHenan University of Science and TechnologyHenan University of Science and TechnologyHenan University of Science and TechnologyHenan University of Science and TechnologyHenan University of Science and TechnologyHenan University of Science and TechnologyHenan University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Autonomous exploration and mapping in unknown environments remain pivotal in robotics research. The efficiency of autonomous exploration is often constrained by irrational exploration strategies and incomplete map exploration. This paper proposes an efficient autonomous exploration method based on a frontier strategy, aiming to enhance the performance of ground mobile robots in exploration and mapping tasks. We employ a real-time grid map optimization technique using bilateral filtering and expansion to eliminate inefficient frontiers, improve mapping quality, and enhance the overall efficiency of autonomous exploration. Additionally, we construct a novel frontier cost function that incorporates factors such as path length, sensor measurement range, and information gain. Our approach uniquely combines an autonomous exploration decision model with the Minimum Ratio Travelling Salesman Problem (MRTSP) to maximize the explored area within the shortest possible path. Comparative analyses with classic methods, conducted in both simulated and real environments, demonstrate a 10–30% improvement in exploration efficiency through our approach.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97231-9Wheeled robotsMappingAutonomous exploration
spellingShingle Chunyang Liu
Dingfa Zhang
Weitao Liu
Xin Sui
Yan Huang
Xiqiang Ma
Xiaokang Yang
Xiao Wang
Enhancing autonomous exploration for robotics via real time map optimization and improved frontier costs
Scientific Reports
Wheeled robots
Mapping
Autonomous exploration
title Enhancing autonomous exploration for robotics via real time map optimization and improved frontier costs
title_full Enhancing autonomous exploration for robotics via real time map optimization and improved frontier costs
title_fullStr Enhancing autonomous exploration for robotics via real time map optimization and improved frontier costs
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing autonomous exploration for robotics via real time map optimization and improved frontier costs
title_short Enhancing autonomous exploration for robotics via real time map optimization and improved frontier costs
title_sort enhancing autonomous exploration for robotics via real time map optimization and improved frontier costs
topic Wheeled robots
Mapping
Autonomous exploration
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97231-9
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