Cues of Trained Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis Macrophages
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease with both genetic and environmental influences, yet its underlying mechanisms remain only partially understood. In this review, we compile evidence suggesting that trained immunity—a form of innate immune memory—may play a crucial role in the a...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/14/1054 |
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| author | Elisa Popa Hélène Cheval Violetta Zujovic |
| author_facet | Elisa Popa Hélène Cheval Violetta Zujovic |
| author_sort | Elisa Popa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease with both genetic and environmental influences, yet its underlying mechanisms remain only partially understood. In this review, we compile evidence suggesting that trained immunity—a form of innate immune memory—may play a crucial role in the autoimmune component of MS. By examining key findings from immunology, neuroinflammation, and MS pathophysiology, we explore how innate immune cells, particularly monocytes and macrophages, could contribute to disease onset and progression through persistent pro-inflammatory responses. Understanding the impact of trained immunity in MS could open new avenues for therapeutic strategies targeting the innate immune system. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1b15e434a67a4dfa941f3208b7b7da7d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj-art-1b15e434a67a4dfa941f3208b7b7da7d2025-08-20T03:36:17ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-07-011414105410.3390/cells14141054Cues of Trained Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis MacrophagesElisa Popa0Hélène Cheval1Violetta Zujovic2Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Université, DMU Neuroscience 6, Paris, FranceInstitut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Université, DMU Neuroscience 6, Paris, FranceInstitut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Université, DMU Neuroscience 6, Paris, FranceMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease with both genetic and environmental influences, yet its underlying mechanisms remain only partially understood. In this review, we compile evidence suggesting that trained immunity—a form of innate immune memory—may play a crucial role in the autoimmune component of MS. By examining key findings from immunology, neuroinflammation, and MS pathophysiology, we explore how innate immune cells, particularly monocytes and macrophages, could contribute to disease onset and progression through persistent pro-inflammatory responses. Understanding the impact of trained immunity in MS could open new avenues for therapeutic strategies targeting the innate immune system.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/14/1054multiple sclerosismacrophagestrained immunitymetabolismepigeneticinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Elisa Popa Hélène Cheval Violetta Zujovic Cues of Trained Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis Macrophages Cells multiple sclerosis macrophages trained immunity metabolism epigenetic inflammation |
| title | Cues of Trained Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis Macrophages |
| title_full | Cues of Trained Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis Macrophages |
| title_fullStr | Cues of Trained Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis Macrophages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cues of Trained Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis Macrophages |
| title_short | Cues of Trained Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis Macrophages |
| title_sort | cues of trained immunity in multiple sclerosis macrophages |
| topic | multiple sclerosis macrophages trained immunity metabolism epigenetic inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/14/1054 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elisapopa cuesoftrainedimmunityinmultiplesclerosismacrophages AT helenecheval cuesoftrainedimmunityinmultiplesclerosismacrophages AT violettazujovic cuesoftrainedimmunityinmultiplesclerosismacrophages |