Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Expression in <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> During Ichthyophthiriasis: A 40-Day Longitudinal Study of <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>SAA</i>
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and serum amyloid A (SAA) are key pro-inflammatory mediators in the regulation of immune responses. The hypothesis posits that their expression varies with the progression of <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i> (Ich) infection and may serve a...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Yang He Miaomiao Wang Jun Wang Yadong Wang Xiaolan Pi Qi Wang Yan Fu Wei Fan Qian Yang |
| author_facet | Yang He Miaomiao Wang Jun Wang Yadong Wang Xiaolan Pi Qi Wang Yan Fu Wei Fan Qian Yang |
| author_sort | Yang He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and serum amyloid A (SAA) are key pro-inflammatory mediators in the regulation of immune responses. The hypothesis posits that their expression varies with the progression of <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i> (Ich) infection and may serve as predictors of disease outcome. To elucidate their spatiotemporal dynamics, the full-length CDS of <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>SAA</i> in <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> were cloned, and then their mRNA levels were tracked from infection onset (day 0) to resolution (day 40) or mortality in seven tissues. Key findings revealed a surge in <i>IL-1β</i> expression in the kidney and <i>SAA</i> expression in the spleen at 5 days post-infection (dpi), coinciding with no visible symptoms. Significant <i>SAA</i> elevation in the head kidney was observed at 10 dpi, preceding the emergence of white spots on the skin. This was followed by gill-specific <i>SAA</i> downregulation at 20 dpi, when 40% of fish presented with white spots. Complete clinical resolution by 40 dpi correlated with reduced hepatic <i>SAA</i> and branchial <i>IL-1β</i> levels. Notably, the concurrent upregulation of all three mediators occurred exclusively in the skin of moribund individuals. These findings identify potential biomarkers for tracking host inflammatory responses in ichthyophthiriasis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1a7fcdfa521e4c829a06f06517823f19 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-1a7fcdfa521e4c829a06f06517823f192025-08-20T02:33:01ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-05-011511157710.3390/ani15111577Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Expression in <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> During Ichthyophthiriasis: A 40-Day Longitudinal Study of <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>SAA</i>Yang He0Miaomiao Wang1Jun Wang2Yadong Wang3Xiaolan Pi4Qi Wang5Yan Fu6Wei Fan7Qian Yang8Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, NeiJiang 641000, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Nei Jiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, ChinaFishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, NeiJiang 641000, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Nei Jiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Nei Jiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Nei Jiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Nei Jiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, ChinaNeijiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Neijiang 641000, ChinaLaboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, ChinaInterleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and serum amyloid A (SAA) are key pro-inflammatory mediators in the regulation of immune responses. The hypothesis posits that their expression varies with the progression of <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i> (Ich) infection and may serve as predictors of disease outcome. To elucidate their spatiotemporal dynamics, the full-length CDS of <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>SAA</i> in <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> were cloned, and then their mRNA levels were tracked from infection onset (day 0) to resolution (day 40) or mortality in seven tissues. Key findings revealed a surge in <i>IL-1β</i> expression in the kidney and <i>SAA</i> expression in the spleen at 5 days post-infection (dpi), coinciding with no visible symptoms. Significant <i>SAA</i> elevation in the head kidney was observed at 10 dpi, preceding the emergence of white spots on the skin. This was followed by gill-specific <i>SAA</i> downregulation at 20 dpi, when 40% of fish presented with white spots. Complete clinical resolution by 40 dpi correlated with reduced hepatic <i>SAA</i> and branchial <i>IL-1β</i> levels. Notably, the concurrent upregulation of all three mediators occurred exclusively in the skin of moribund individuals. These findings identify potential biomarkers for tracking host inflammatory responses in ichthyophthiriasis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/11/1577<i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i><i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i>interleukin-1βinterleukin-6serum amyloid A |
| spellingShingle | Yang He Miaomiao Wang Jun Wang Yadong Wang Xiaolan Pi Qi Wang Yan Fu Wei Fan Qian Yang Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Expression in <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> During Ichthyophthiriasis: A 40-Day Longitudinal Study of <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>SAA</i> Animals <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i> <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> interleukin-1β interleukin-6 serum amyloid A |
| title | Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Expression in <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> During Ichthyophthiriasis: A 40-Day Longitudinal Study of <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>SAA</i> |
| title_full | Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Expression in <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> During Ichthyophthiriasis: A 40-Day Longitudinal Study of <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>SAA</i> |
| title_fullStr | Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Expression in <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> During Ichthyophthiriasis: A 40-Day Longitudinal Study of <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>SAA</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Expression in <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> During Ichthyophthiriasis: A 40-Day Longitudinal Study of <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>SAA</i> |
| title_short | Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Expression in <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> During Ichthyophthiriasis: A 40-Day Longitudinal Study of <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>SAA</i> |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal dynamics of pro inflammatory mediator expression in i pelteobagrus vachelli i during ichthyophthiriasis a 40 day longitudinal study of i il 1β i i il 6 i and i saa i |
| topic | <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i> <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> interleukin-1β interleukin-6 serum amyloid A |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/11/1577 |
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