Exploring the relationship between grip strength and diabetic nephropathy among U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional NHANES analysis
Abstract Aim To examine the relationship between grip strength (GS) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Materials and methods Data on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus collected between 2011 and 2014 were obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Demographic characteri...
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2025-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01862-y |
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| author | Xue Chen Yi Lin Weisong Dong Xiuxiu Wen Yidan Zuo |
| author_facet | Xue Chen Yi Lin Weisong Dong Xiuxiu Wen Yidan Zuo |
| author_sort | Xue Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Aim To examine the relationship between grip strength (GS) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Materials and methods Data on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus collected between 2011 and 2014 were obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Demographic characteristics (sex, age, race, marital status, and educational level), clinical measures (smoking status, drinking status, body mass index [BMI], glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], urinary albumin creatinine ratio [UACR], diabetes duration, and hypertension), and grip strength assessments were collected. The relationship between GS and DN was analyzed using a logistic regression model. Subgroup analyses were showed as forest plots, conducted while accounting for confounding variables. Restricted cubic splines were applied to investigate nonlinear correlations. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the findings. Results This study included 1,539 participants. In the multivariate logistic regression model, the odds ratios (ORs) were 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94–0.98) in male and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91–0.98) in female. Compared with those in the lowest quartiles, participants in the uppermost GS quartiles were less susceptible to DN in male [OR 0.35 (95% CI, 0.20–0.62)] and female [OR 0.37 (95% CI, 0.20–0.67)] (p for trend < 0.001). After adjusting for all variables, the ORs were 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94–0.98) in male and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91–0.98) in female. Compared with those in the lowest quartiles, participants in the uppermost GS quartiles were less susceptible to DN in male [OR 0.35 (95% CI, 0.20–0.62)] (p for trend < 0.001) and female [OR 0.37 (95% CI, 0.20–0.67)] (p for trend < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a reliable connection between GS and DN (all p for interaction > 0.05). We discovered a nonlinear relationship between GS and DN in both male and female participants (all p for nonlinearity < 0.05). More precisely, the data revealed L-shaped relationship and inverted-S relation in male and female participants, respectively. Conclusion The results of this cross-sectional study using NHANES data indicated a potential negative association between GS and DN. Additional extensive studies are necessary to elucidate these trends. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1a5eb1cd9a9f4f6d92e233e11f3da1ee |
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| issn | 1472-6823 |
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| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-1a5eb1cd9a9f4f6d92e233e11f3da1ee2025-08-20T02:12:59ZengBMCBMC Endocrine Disorders1472-68232025-02-012511910.1186/s12902-025-01862-yExploring the relationship between grip strength and diabetic nephropathy among U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional NHANES analysisXue Chen0Yi Lin1Weisong Dong2Xiuxiu Wen3Yidan Zuo4Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou People’s HospitalDepartment of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou People’s HospitalDepartment of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityThe Third People’s Hospital of Cangnan CountyZhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityAbstract Aim To examine the relationship between grip strength (GS) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Materials and methods Data on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus collected between 2011 and 2014 were obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Demographic characteristics (sex, age, race, marital status, and educational level), clinical measures (smoking status, drinking status, body mass index [BMI], glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], urinary albumin creatinine ratio [UACR], diabetes duration, and hypertension), and grip strength assessments were collected. The relationship between GS and DN was analyzed using a logistic regression model. Subgroup analyses were showed as forest plots, conducted while accounting for confounding variables. Restricted cubic splines were applied to investigate nonlinear correlations. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the findings. Results This study included 1,539 participants. In the multivariate logistic regression model, the odds ratios (ORs) were 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94–0.98) in male and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91–0.98) in female. Compared with those in the lowest quartiles, participants in the uppermost GS quartiles were less susceptible to DN in male [OR 0.35 (95% CI, 0.20–0.62)] and female [OR 0.37 (95% CI, 0.20–0.67)] (p for trend < 0.001). After adjusting for all variables, the ORs were 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94–0.98) in male and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91–0.98) in female. Compared with those in the lowest quartiles, participants in the uppermost GS quartiles were less susceptible to DN in male [OR 0.35 (95% CI, 0.20–0.62)] (p for trend < 0.001) and female [OR 0.37 (95% CI, 0.20–0.67)] (p for trend < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a reliable connection between GS and DN (all p for interaction > 0.05). We discovered a nonlinear relationship between GS and DN in both male and female participants (all p for nonlinearity < 0.05). More precisely, the data revealed L-shaped relationship and inverted-S relation in male and female participants, respectively. Conclusion The results of this cross-sectional study using NHANES data indicated a potential negative association between GS and DN. Additional extensive studies are necessary to elucidate these trends.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01862-yDiabetic nephropathyGrip strengthType 2 diabetes mellitusNHANES |
| spellingShingle | Xue Chen Yi Lin Weisong Dong Xiuxiu Wen Yidan Zuo Exploring the relationship between grip strength and diabetic nephropathy among U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional NHANES analysis BMC Endocrine Disorders Diabetic nephropathy Grip strength Type 2 diabetes mellitus NHANES |
| title | Exploring the relationship between grip strength and diabetic nephropathy among U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional NHANES analysis |
| title_full | Exploring the relationship between grip strength and diabetic nephropathy among U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional NHANES analysis |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the relationship between grip strength and diabetic nephropathy among U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional NHANES analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the relationship between grip strength and diabetic nephropathy among U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional NHANES analysis |
| title_short | Exploring the relationship between grip strength and diabetic nephropathy among U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional NHANES analysis |
| title_sort | exploring the relationship between grip strength and diabetic nephropathy among u s adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus a cross sectional nhanes analysis |
| topic | Diabetic nephropathy Grip strength Type 2 diabetes mellitus NHANES |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01862-y |
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